ArticleImmunogenetics2006
Formation of B and T cell subsets require the cannabinoid receptor CB2.
Article in Immunogenetics, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cannabinoid Receptors: An Update on Cell Signaling, Pathophysiological Roles and Therapeutic Opportunities in Neurological, Cardiovascular, and Inflammatory Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Chemical Probes for Investigating the Endocannabinoid System.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2026Review
- Novel floxed cannabinoid receptor 2 mouse line combines knockout capability with dual fluorescent reporters.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Endocannabinoid Receptor 2 Function is Associated with Tumor-Associated Macrophage Accumulation and Increases in T Cell Number to Initiate a Potent Antitumor Response in a Syngeneic Murine Model of Glioblastoma.Cannabis and cannabinoid research · 2024Article
- Goods and Bads of the Endocannabinoid System as a Therapeutic Target: Lessons Learned after 30 Years.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Protective Effect of Akkermansia muciniphila on the Preeclampsia-Like Mouse Model.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Article
- The Anti-Tumorigenic Role of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 in Colon Cancer: A Study in Mice and Humans.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Role of the Endocannabinoid System in the Regulation of Intestinal Homeostasis.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2022Review
- Cannabinoids and Endocannabinoid System Changes in Intestinal Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer.Cancers · 2021Review
- Article
- Article
- The Potential Use of Cannabis in Tissue Fibrosis.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- A Cannabinoid 2-Selective Agonist Inhibits Allogeneic Skin Graft RejectionFrontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Localization of cannabinoid and cannabinoid related receptors in the cat gastrointestinal tract.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2020Article
- Paternal activation of CBScientific reports · 2019Article
- Cellular localization and regulation of receptors and enzymes of the endocannabinoid system in intestinal and systemic inflammation.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2019Article
- Targeted inhibition of the type 2 cannabinoid receptor is a novel approach to reduce renal fibrosis.Kidney international · 2018Article
- Selective activation of cannabinoid receptor-2 reduces neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury via alternative macrophage polarization.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2018Article
- Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Signalling Bias Elicited by 2,4,6-Trisubstituted 1,3,5-Triazines.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Article
- GαFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A recent and surprising body of research has linked changes in immune function to biologic and therapeutic targeting of cannabinoid receptors, which prototypically respond to delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol. The peripheral cannabinoid receptor CB2 is highly expressed in immune cell types (macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells), and pharmacologically alters their cytokine production and responsiveness. Accordingly, cannabinoid agonists can powerfully alter susceptibility to certain microbial infections, atherosclerosis, and cancer immunotherapy. What is unknown is the physiologic role of natural levels of endocannabinoids and their receptors in normal immune homeostasis. Galphai2-/- mice are deficient in the formation of certain B and T cell subsets and are susceptible to immune dysregulation, notably developing inflammatory bowel disease. A key issue is the identity of the Gi-coupled receptors relevant to this Galphai2-signaling pathway. We find that mice deficient in CB2, the Gi-coupled peripheral endocannabinoid receptor, have profound deficiencies in splenic marginal zone, peritoneal B1a cells, splenic memory CD4+ T cells, and intestinal natural killer cells and natural killer T cells. These findings partially phenocopy and extend the lymphocyte developmental disorder associated with the Galphai2-/- genotype, and suggest that the endocannabinoid system is required for the formation of T and B cell subsets involved in immune homeostasis. This noncompensatable requirement for physiologic function of the endocannabinoid system is novel. Because levels of endocannabinoids are highly restricted microanatomically, local regulation of their production and receptor expression offers a new principle for regional immune homeostasis and disease susceptibility, and extends and refines the rationale for CB2-targeted immunotherapy in immune and inflammatory diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.