ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2006
Chest radiography in children aged 2-59 months diagnosed with non-severe pneumonia as defined by World Health Organization: descriptive multicentre study in Pakistan.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic therapy versus no antibiotic therapy for children aged 2 to 59 months with WHO-defined non-severe pneumonia and wheeze.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Recommendations for treatment of childhood non-severe pneumonia.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2009Guideline
- Randomized Trial of Amoxicillin for Pneumonia in Pakistan.The New England journal of medicine · 2020Trial
- Comparison of 3 Days Amoxicillin Versus 5 Days Co-Trimoxazole for Treatment of Fast-breathing Pneumonia by Community Health Workers in Children Aged 2-59 Months in Pakistan: A Cluster-randomized Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Trial
- Placebo vs Amoxicillin for Nonsevere Fast-Breathing Pneumonia in Malawian Children Aged 2 to 59 Months: A Double-blind, Randomized Clinical Noninferiority Trial.JAMA pediatrics · 2019Trial
- Analysis of serious adverse events in a paediatric fast breathing pneumonia clinical trial in Malawi.BMJ open respiratory research · 2019Trial
- Reducing unnecessary chest X-rays, antibiotics and bronchodilators through implementation of the NICE bronchiolitis guideline.European journal of pediatrics · 2018Trial
- Digital stethoscope use by non-physician primary care health workers on children under five years of age in rural Bangladesh: a feasibility study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Performance of an artificial intelligence algorithm for interpreting lung sounds from children hospitalised with pneumonia in Malawi.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Antibiotics for Paediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia: What is the Optimal Course Duration?Paediatric drugs · 2025Review
- Clinical Diagnostic Prediction Model For Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia in Children.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Article
- Respiratory Syncytial Virus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Tomographic Findings (2000-2022).Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Observational
- Cracking the Challenge of Antimicrobial Drug Resistance with CRISPR/Cas9, Nanotechnology and Other Strategies in ESKAPE Pathogens.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- Antibiotic Use and Treatment Outcomes among Children with Community-Acquired Pneumonia Admitted to a Tertiary Care Public Hospital in Nepal.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2021Article
- Performance of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis of pediatric pneumonia in Mozambique and Pakistan.Pediatric pulmonology · 2021Observational
- Clinical predictors of radiological pneumonia: A cross-sectional study from a tertiary hospital in Nepal.PloS one · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo evaluate the chest radiographs of children diagnosed with non-severe pneumonia on the basis of the current World Health Organization guidelines (fast breathing alone) for radiological evidence of pneumonia.
designDescriptive analysis.
settingOutpatient departments of six hospitals in four cities in Pakistan.
participants2000 children with non-severe pneumonia were enrolled; 1932 children were selected for chest radiography.
interventionsTwo consultant radiologists used standardised WHO definitions to evaluate chest radiographs; no clinical information was made available to them. If they disagreed, the radiographs were read by a third radiologist; the final classification was based on agreement between two of the three radiologists.
main outcome measuresPresence or absence of pneumonia on radiographs.
resultsChest radiographs were reported normal in 1519 children (82%). Radiological evidence of pneumonia was reported in only 263 (14%) children, most of whom had interstitial pneumonitis. Lobar consolidation was present in only 26 children. The duration of illness did not correlate significantly with the presence of radiological changes (relative risk 1.17, 95% confidence interval 0.91 to 1.49).
conclusionMost children diagnosed with non-severe pneumonia on the basis of the current WHO definition had normal chest radiographs.
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