ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006
TNFalpha mediates the skeletal effects of thyroid-stimulating hormone.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
58 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association between serum TSH concentration and bone mineral density: an umbrella review.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2024Pooled it
- Neuroendocrine and neural control of bone mass in health and disease.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- The influence of hormonal changes during pregnancy on bone metabolism - a mini review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Circulating microRNA expression underlying the association of opioid use with low bone mineral density.JBMR plus · 2026Article
- Are Dietary Habits the Missing Link Between Hashimoto's Thyroiditis and Osteoporosis?Nutrients · 2025Review
- G-protein coupled receptors synergy in bone health: new avenues for osteoporosis detection andFrontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Severe Phenotype of De Novo TSHR Activating Pathogenic Variants.Case reports in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Neuroendocrinology of bone.Pituitary · 2024Review
- TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas and bone.Pituitary · 2024Article
- The impact of thyroid function on total spine bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.Endocrine · 2024Article
- Pituitary crosstalk with bone, adipose tissue and brain.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2023Review
- How does Hashimoto's thyroiditis affect bone metabolism?Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2023Review
- Atypical pituitary hormone-target tissue axis.Frontiers of medicine · 2023Review
- Article
- Independent Skeletal Actions of Pituitary Hormones.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2022Article
- Rhythm disturbance in osteoarthritis.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2022Review
- Application and prospect of trabecular bone score in differentiated thyroid cancer patients receiving thyrotropin suppression therapy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Endocrine Regulation on Bone by Thyroid.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Thyrotropin, Hyperthyroidism, and Bone Mass.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Review
- Thyroid-stimulating hormone decreases the risk of osteoporosis by regulating osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.BMC endocrine disorders · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
We have shown recently that by acting on the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (TSHR), TSH negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation. Both heterozygotic and homozygotic TSHR null mice are osteopenic with evidence of enhanced osteoclast differentiation. Here, we report that the accompanying elevation of TNFalpha, an osteoclastogenic cytokine, causes the increased osteoclast differentiation. This enhancement in TSHR-/- and TSHR+/- mice is abrogated in compound TSHR-/-/TNFalpha-/- and TSHR+/-/TNFalpha+/- mice, respectively. In parallel studies, we find that TSH directly inhibits TNFalpha production, reduces the number of TNFalpha-producing osteoclast precursors, and attenuates the induction of TNFalpha expression by IL-1, TNFalpha, and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand. TSH also suppresses osteoclast formation in murine macrophages and RAW-C3 cells. The suppression is more profound in cells that overexpress the TSHR than those transfected with empty vector. The overexpression of ligand-independent, constitutively active TSHR abrogates osteoclast formation even under basal conditions and in the absence of TSH. Finally, IL-1/TNFalpha and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand fail to stimulate AP-1 and NF-kappaB binding to DNA in cells transfected with TSHR or constitutively active TSHR. The results suggest that TNFalpha is the critical cytokine mediating the downstream antiresorptive effects of TSH on the skeleton.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.