ArticleThe Plant cell2006
Multiple avirulence paralogues in cereal powdery mildew fungi may contribute to parasite fitness and defeat of plant resistance.
Article in The Plant cell, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 94 papers.
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Who cites it
94 citing papers in PubMed, 260 citations in OpenAlex.
- Characterization of the Effector Candidate Repertoire in the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal FungusJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Sequence-based comparative secretome analysis reveals conserved core effectors and host lineage-specific divergence between monocot- and dicot-associated powdery mildew lineages.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Computational studies reveal structural characterization and novel families of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici effectors.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Wheat zinc finger protein TaZF interacts with both the powdery mildew AvrPm2 protein and the corresponding wheat Pm2a immune receptor.Plant communications · 2024Article
- Deciphering the Genomic Landscape and Virulence Mechanisms of the Wheat Powdery Mildew PathogenJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- A nonclassically secreted effector of Magnaporthe oryzae targets host nuclei and plays important roles in fungal growth and plant infection.Molecular plant pathology · 2023Article
- Transcriptome analysis ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Fungal Secondary Metabolites and Small RNAs Enhance Pathogenicity during Plant-Fungal Pathogen Interactions.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- An interolog-based barley interactome as an integration framework for immune signaling.Genetics · 2022Article
- Thirty years of resistance: Zig-zag through the plant immune system.The Plant cell · 2022Review
- Microbial interaction mediated programmed cell death in plants.3 Biotech · 2022Review
- Extracellular Vesicles fromJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (VdSOD1) mediates reactive oxygen species detoxification and modulates virulence in Verticillium dahliae.Molecular plant pathology · 2021Article
- Remote homology clustering identifies lowly conserved families of effector proteins in plant-pathogenic fungi.Microbial genomics · 2021Article
- Genome-Wide Analysis of Four Pathotypes of Wheat Rust Pathogen (Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Signaling Pathways and Downstream Effectors of Host Innate Immunity in Plants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Disruption of barley immunity to powdery mildew by an in-frame Lys-Leu deletion in the essential protein SGT1.Genetics · 2021Article
- Whole-genome sequencing of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici mutant isolates identifies avirulence gene candidates.BMC genomics · 2020Article
- Novel Variation and Evolution ofFrontiers in genetics · 2020Article
- Extracellular vesicles from the apoplastic fungal wheat pathogenFungal biology and biotechnology · 2020Article
34 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Powdery mildews, obligate biotrophic fungal parasites on a wide range of important crops, can be controlled by plant resistance (R) genes, but these are rapidly overcome by parasite mutants evading recognition. It is unknown how this rapid evolution occurs without apparent loss of parasite fitness. R proteins recognize avirulence (AVR) molecules from parasites in a gene-for-gene manner and trigger defense responses. We identify AVR(a10) and AVR(k1) of barley powdery mildew fungus, Blumeria graminis f sp hordei (Bgh), and show that they induce both cell death and inaccessibility when transiently expressed in Mla10 and Mlk1 barley (Hordeum vulgare) varieties, respectively. In contrast with other reported fungal AVR genes, AVR(a10) and AVR(k1) encode proteins that lack secretion signal peptides and enhance infection success on susceptible host plant cells. AVR(a10) and AVR(k1) belong to a large family with >30 paralogues in the genome of Bgh, and homologous sequences are present in other formae speciales of the fungus infecting other grasses. Our findings imply that the mildew fungus has a repertoire of AVR genes, which may function as effectors and contribute to parasite virulence. Multiple copies of related but distinct AVR effector paralogues might enable populations of Bgh to rapidly overcome host R genes while maintaining virulence.
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