Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16902090›Full record

ArticleScience (New York, N.Y.)2006

Imaging intracellular fluorescent proteins at nanometer resolution.

Eric Betzig, George H Patterson, Rachid Sougrat, O Wolf Lindwasser, Scott Olenych, Juan S Bonifacino, Michael W Davidson, Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz, Harald F Hess

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science (New York, N.Y.), 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3,053 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3,053citing papers in PubMed
212.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3,053 citing papers in PubMed, 8,785 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  13. Nanorulers for Super-Resolution Microscopy.Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology · 2026
    Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Quantitative nanoscale imaging shows peptide-MHC I complexes are monomeric and spatially regulated in human dendritic cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article

2,993 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.

Eric BetzigHoward Hughes Medical Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, VA 20147, USA. betzige@janelia.hhmi.org
George H Patterson
Rachid Sougrat
O Wolf Lindwasser
Scott Olenych
Juan S Bonifacino
Michael W Davidson
Jennifer Lippincott-Schwartz
Harald F Hess
Janelia Research Campus · USFlorida State University · USNational High Magnetic Field Laboratory · USEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development · USHoward Hughes Medical Institute · US

Funding

Protein Trafficking In The Endosomal-Lysosomal SystemZIAHD001607 · NICHD · EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT · PI BONIFACINO, JUAN · 2009 to 2025
$48.3M
Development of green fluorescent protein technologyZIAHD008850 · NICHD · EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT · PI LIPPINCOTT-SCHWARTZ, JENNIFER · 2009 to 2016
$6.5M
REGULATION OF THE FATE OF NEWLY SYNTHESIZED PROTEINSZ01HD001607 · NICHD · EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT · PI BONIFACINO, JUAN · 1991 to 2008
$4.4M
Mechanisms of CD4 downregulation by primate immunodeficiency virusesZ01HD008834 · NICHD · EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT · PI BONIFACINO, JUAN · 2007 to 2008
$1.2M
Development of green fluorescent protein technologyZ01HD008850 · NICHD · EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT · PI LIPPINCOTT-SCHWARTZ, JENNIFER · 2007 to 2008
$854k
Mechanisms of CD4 downregulation by primate immunodeficiency virusesZIAHD008834 · NICHD · EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT · PI BONIFACINO, JUAN · 2010 to 2010
$0k
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We introduce a method for optically imaging intracellular proteins at nanometer spatial resolution. Numerous sparse subsets of photoactivatable fluorescent protein molecules were activated, localized (to approximately 2 to 25 nanometers), and then bleached. The aggregate position information from all subsets was then assembled into a superresolution image. We used this method--termed photoactivated localization microscopy--to image specific target proteins in thin sections of lysosomes and mitochondria; in fixed whole cells, we imaged vinculin at focal adhesions, actin within a lamellipodium, and the distribution of the retroviral protein Gag at the plasma membrane.

Indexed as

NanotechnologyActinsAlgorithmsAnimalsCell LineCell MembraneChlorocebus aethiopsCOS CellsFluorescenceFocal AdhesionsGene Products, gagHIV-1LightLuminescent ProteinsLysosomesMicroscopyActinsGene Products, gagLuminescent ProteinsProteinsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsVinculin

Identifiers

PMID16902090
OpenAlexW2054455698

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.