ArticlePLoS genetics2006
Family-based versus unrelated case-control designs for genetic associations.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Association of SNAP25 Gene Polymorphisms in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Molecular neurobiology · 2017Pooled it
- Family-based association analyses of imputed genotypes reveal genome-wide significant association of Alzheimer's disease with OSBPL6, PTPRG, and PDCL3.Molecular psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- Power considerations for λ inflation factor in meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies.Genetics research · 2016Pooled it
- A genome-wide association study of COPD identifies a susceptibility locus on chromosome 19q13.Human molecular genetics · 2012Pooled it
- A review of genetic association studies of obstructive sleep apnea: field synopsis and meta-analysis.Sleep · 2011Pooled it
- Candidate gene studies of ADHD: a meta-analytic review.Human genetics · 2009Pooled it
- CTLA4 and generalized vitiligo: two genetic association studies and a meta-analysis of published data.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2009Pooled it
- Genetic variation in ORM1-like 3 (ORMDL3) and gasdermin-like (GSDML) and childhood asthma.Allergy · 2009Pooled it
- Genetic associations with schizophrenia: meta-analyses of 12 candidate genes.Schizophrenia research · 2008Pooled it
- Knockoff-Based Fine Mapping of MS-Associated SNPs in Sardinian Trios.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Identification of osteoporosis genes using family studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Family based and case-control designs reveal an association of TFAP2A in nonsyndromic cleft lip only among Vietnamese population.Molecular genetics & genomic medicine · 2021Article
- PBX-WNT-P63-IRF6 pathway in nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate.Birth defects research · 2020Article
- The impact of disregarding family structure on genome-wide association analysis of complex diseases in cohorts with simple pedigrees.Journal of applied genetics · 2020Article
- Article
- No Association between the rs1799836 Polymorphism of the Monoamine Oxidase B Gene and the Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Kazakhstani Population.Disease markers · 2019Article
- Polymorphisms of STS gene and SULT2A1 gene and neurosteroid levels in Han Chinese boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an exploratory investigation.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Association of the Catechol O-Methyltransferase Val158-Met Polymorphism and Reduced Interference Control in Korean Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Psychiatry investigation · 2015Article
- The Essentiality of Reporting Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Calculations in Population-Based Genetic Association Studies.Cell journal · 2015Article
- Novel SNPs and INDEL polymorphisms in the 3'UTR of DGAT1 gene: in silico analyses and a possible association.Molecular biology reports · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The most simple and commonly used approach for genetic associations is the case-control study design of unrelated people. This design is susceptible to population stratification. This problem is obviated in family-based studies, but it is usually difficult to accumulate large enough samples of well-characterized families. We addressed empirically whether the two designs give similar estimates of association in 93 investigations where both unrelated case-control and family-based designs had been employed. Estimated odds ratios differed beyond chance between the two designs in only four instances (4%). The summary relative odds ratio (ROR) (the ratio of odds ratios obtained from unrelated case-control and family-based studies) was close to unity (0.96 [95% confidence interval, 0.91-1.01]). There was no heterogeneity in the ROR across studies (amount of heterogeneity beyond chance I(2) = 0%). Differences on whether results were nominally statistically significant (p < 0.05) or not with the two designs were common (opposite classification rates 14% and 17%); this reflected largely differences in power. Conclusions were largely similar in diverse subgroup analyses. Unrelated case-control and family-based designs give overall similar estimates of association. We cannot rule out rare large biases or common small biases.
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