ArticleJournal of the National Medical Association2006
Race and medication adherence in Medicaid enrollees with type-2 diabetes.
Article in Journal of the National Medical Association, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02621476 (Encouraging Mail Order Pharmacy Use to Improve Outcomes and Reduce Disparities), which is not on this map. Cited by 59 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Encouraging Mail Order Pharmacy Use to Improve Outcomes and Reduce Disparities
Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A global systematic overview of socioeconomic factors associated with antidiabetic medication adherence in individuals with type 2 diabetes.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A pilot mixed methods randomized control trial investigating the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally tailored intervention focused on beliefs, mistrust and race-congruent peer support for Black adults with diabetes.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- A Randomized Encouragement Trial to Increase Mail Order Pharmacy Use and Medication Adherence in Patients with Diabetes.Journal of general internal medicine · 2021Trial
- Design of the Lifestyle Improvement through Food and Exercise (LIFE) study: a randomized controlled trial of self-management of type 2 diabetes among African American patients from safety net health centers.Contemporary clinical trials · 2014Trial
- Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Medication Adherence Among Medicare Advantage Enrollees With Diabetes.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Effect of the initial combination approach vs initial monotherapy approach on 1-year trajectories of adherence in drug-naive patients with type 2 diabetes.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2026Article
- A network analysis to explore illness perceptions in Black adults with type 2 diabetes.British journal of health psychology · 2025Article
- Optimizing diabetes management interventions for Black and Hispanic adults using the multiphase optimization strategy: Protocol for a randomized mixed methods factorial trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Investigating the Added Value of a Culturally Tailored Peer Support Intervention for Black Adults with Diabetes: A Randomized Mixed Methods Pilot Trial.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2025Article
- Peer Ambassador Perspectives in a Culturally Tailored Self-Management Intervention for African Americans with Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- An Effectiveness Study of a Primary Care-embedded Clinical Pharmacist-Led Intervention Among Patients With Diabetes and Medicaid Coverage.Journal of pharmacy practice · 2024Article
- Trends and Race/Ethnic Disparities in Diabetes-Related Hospital Use in Medicaid Enrollees: Analyses of Serial Cross-sectional State Data, 2008-2017.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- Using the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities framework to better understand disparities in major amputations.Seminars in vascular surgery · 2023Review
- Continuity of Medication Use by US Adults With Diabetes, 2005-2019.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Emergency Department Use in Black Individuals With Diabetes.Diabetes spectrum : a publication of the American Diabetes Association · 2023Article
- Protocol for a Pilot Randomized Controlled Mixed Methods Feasibility Trial of a Culturally Adapted Peer Support and Self-Management Intervention for African Americans.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A feasibility pilot trial of a peer-support educational behavioral intervention to improve diabetes medication adherence in African Americans.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2022Article
- Adherence to metformin in adults with type 2 diabetes: a combined method approach.Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice · 2022Article
- Perspectives on a Novel Culturally Tailored Diabetes Self-Management Program for African Americans: A Qualitative Study of Healthcare Professionals and Organizational Leaders.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe association of medication adherence with race has been inadequately studied previously in type-2 diabetes patients. The study objective was to determine the association between race and medication adherence among type-2 diabetes patients.
methodsThis was a retrospective cohort study, which compared medication adherence among different races of Medicaid insured patients with type-2 diabetes newly starting oral antidiabetic medication. A total of 1,527 African-American patients newly starting antidiabetic medication between July 2001 and June 2002 were compared with 1,128 white patients and 514 patients of other race. Medication adherence was measured as medication possession ratio using prescription refill patterns. Multivariate regression analyses were used to determine the difference in adherence rates adjusting for other covariates.
resultsMedication adherence rate was significantly higher for whites [0.59 (0.31)] as compared to African Americans [0.54 (0.31), (p<0.05)]. In multivariate analyses, the adherence rate of African-American patients was found to be significantly lower by 12% as compared to whites after adjusting for other covariates. Metformin users were associated with a 62% decrease in adherence rate as compared with the sulfonylureas group (p<0.05).
conclusionThe antidiabetic medication adherence was associated with race. Future research should investigate patient-related factors affecting medication adherence in type-2 diabetes patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
16895275PMC2569450What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.