ArticleHuman reproduction (Oxford, England)2006
Doxycycline alters the expression of inflammatory and immune-related cytokines and chemokines in human endometrial cells: implication in irregular uterine bleeding.
Article in Human reproduction (Oxford, England), 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence-based guidance on Selected Practice Recommendations for Contraceptive Use: identification of research gaps.Contraception · 2013Article
- Abnormal bleeding during menopause hormone therapy: insights for clinical management.Clinical medicine insights. Women's health · 2013Review
- Uterine microRNA signature and consequence of their dysregulation in uterine disorders.Animal reproduction · 2010Article
- MicroRNA signature and regulatory functions in the endometrium during normal and disease states.Seminars in reproductive medicine · 2008Review
- Circulating levels of cytokines during pregnancy: thrombopoietin is elevated in miscarriage.Fertility and sterility · 2008Article
- Maternal serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor levels and spontaneous preterm birth.Journal of women's health (2002)Article
- Doxycycline and Benznidazole Reduce the Profile of Th1, Th2, and Th17 Chemokines and Chemokine Receptors in Cardiac Tissue from ChronicMediators of inflammationArticle
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2014-11-04Ethical Violations by Author · Falsification/Fabrication of Data · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Investigation by ORI · Misconduct - Official Investigation(s) and/or Finding(s) · · Nasser Chegini has finding of misconduct: https://ori.hhs.gov/content/case-summary-chegini-nasser
- Commented on by
- Retracted
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIncreased production of pro-inflammatory mediators is considered central in the manifestation of events leading to irregular uterine bleeding in progestin-only contraceptive users. Evidence suggests that in addition to its antimicrobial property, doxycycline (Dox) acts as an anti-inflammatory agent mainly through the suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators.
methodsWe tested this hypothesis in the endometrial environment using an in vitro model consisting of isolated human endometrial glandular epithelial and stromal cells and a human endometrial surface (HES) epithelial cell line cultured under defined conditions.
resultsWe found that Dox at doses ranging from 1 to 100 microg/ml had a limited growth-inhibitory effect on these cells, whereas Dox in a dose-dependent manner inhibited the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Using multiplex cytokine/chemokine protein analysis to test a broader range of Dox activity, we found that Dox at 25 microg/ml either alone or in the presence of 17beta-estradiol (E2), medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and E2+MPA (10(-8) M) as well as TNF-alpha (25 ng/ml), representing the endometrial environment exposed to contraceptives as well as inflammatory conditions, respectively, altered the production of multiple cytokines and chemokines as compared with untreated controls. These actions of Dox occurred in cell-, ovarian steroid- and cytokine/chemokine-dependent manners. Although Dox reduced the regulatory action of steroids on the production of these cytokines/chemokines, it was less effective on TNF-alpha-treated cells.
conclusionsThe results support the hypothesis that Dox, by modulating the endometrial expression of multiple inflammatory-related cytokines/chemokines in a cell- and cytokine/chemokine-dependent manner, may have a therapeutic potential in patients experiencing irregular uterine bleeding, in particular in progestin-dominant contraceptive users.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.