ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2006
Therapeutic failures of antibiotics used to treat macrolide-susceptible Streptococcus pyogenes infections may be due to biofilm formation.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 143 citations in OpenAlex.
- Streptococcus pyogenes carriage is associated with distinct in vivo transcriptional states but not carrier-specific genotypes.Cell reports · 2026Article
- Protective effects of the RAGE inhibitor azeliragon as a potential anti-Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Global spread of Streptococcus pyogenes A genomics-supported narrative review.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Complete genome sequence, metabolic profiling and functional studies revealFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Nosocomial Transmission of Necrotizing Fasciitis: A Molecular Characterization of Group A Streptococcal DNases in Clinical Virulence.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Dihydrothiazolo ring-fused 2-pyridone antimicrobial compounds treatScience advances · 2024Article
- Dihydrothiazolo ring-fused 2-pyridone antimicrobial compounds treatbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The Inhibitory Effects of Amylase and Streptokinase on Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Antibiotics Used to Treat Gram Negative Bacteria Biofilm Infection on Indwelling Devices.Indian journal of microbiology · 2023Article
- Light Triggered Enhancement of Antibiotic Efficacy in Biofilm Elimination Mediated by Gold-Silver Alloy Nanoparticles.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Consistent Biofilm Formation byFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- The Non-phosphorylating Glyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase GapN Is a Potential New Drug Target inFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Streptococcus pyogenes TrxSR Two-Component System Regulates Biofilm Production in Acidic Environments.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- An optimised GAS-pharyngeal cell biofilm model.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Antibiotic Treatment, Mechanisms for Failure, and Adjunctive Therapies for Infections by Group AFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- PersistentCase reports in plastic surgery & hand surgery · 2020Article
- Article
- Deciphering Streptococcal Biofilms.Microorganisms · 2020Review
- Assessing the Role of Pharyngeal Cell Surface Glycans in Group AAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- A Role of Epithelial Cells and Virulence Factors in Biofilm Formation by Streptococcus pyogenesInfection and immunity · 2020Article
- Phosphotransferase System Uptake and Metabolism of the β-Glucoside Salicin Impact Group A Streptococcal Bloodstream Survival and Soft Tissue Infection.Infection and immunity · 2020Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Streptococcus pyogenes infections often fail to respond to antibiotic therapy, leading to persistent throat carriage and recurrent infections. Such failures cannot always be explained by the occurrence of antibiotic resistance determinants, and it has been suggested that S. pyogenes may enter epithelial cells to escape antibiotic treatment. We investigated 289 S. pyogenes strains isolated from different clinical sources to evaluate their ability to form biofilm as an alternative method to escape antibiotic treatment and host defenses. Up to 90% of S. pyogenes isolates, from both invasive and noninvasive infections, were able to form biofilm. Specific emm types, such as emm6, appeared to be more likely to produce biofilm, although variations within strains belonging to the same type might suggest biofilm formation to be a trait of individual strains rather than a general attribute of a serotype. Interestingly, erythromycin-susceptible isolates formed a significantly thicker biofilm than resistant isolates (P < 0.05). Among resistant strains, those carrying the erm class determinants formed a less organized biofilm than the mef(A)-positive strains. Also, prtF1 appeared to be negatively associated with the ability to form biofilm (P < 0.01). Preliminary data on a selection of strains indicated that biofilm-forming isolates entered epithelial cells with significantly lower efficiency than biofilm-negative strains. We suggest that prtF1-negative macrolide-susceptible or mef(A)-carrying isolates, which are poorly equipped to enter cells, may use biofilm to escape antimicrobial treatments and survive within the host. In this view, biofilm formation by S. pyogenes could be responsible for unexplained treatment failures and recurrences due to susceptible microorganisms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.