ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2006
Diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination for detection of non-cephalic presentation in late pregnancy: cross sectional analytic study.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- External cephalic version in nonvertex second twin-Success rate, mode of delivery, and safety: A systematic review.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Pooled it
- Breech Presentation: Delivery Management and Future Perspectives.Maternal-fetal medicine (Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.) · 2026Review
- Routine 36-week scan: diagnosis and outcome of abnormal fetal presentation.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2025Article
- Training midwives to determine fetal presentation using a handheld portable ultrasound device-need of the hour?AJOG global reports · 2024Article
- Impact of point-of-care ultrasound and routine third trimester ultrasound on undiagnosed breech presentation and perinatal outcomes: An observational multicentre cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2023Observational
- The impact of a routine late third trimester growth scan on the incidence, diagnosis, and management of breech presentation in Oxfordshire, UK: A cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2021Article
- Middle-East OBGYN Graduate Education (MOGGE) Foundation Practice Guidelines: Prelabor rupture of membranes; Practice guideline No. 01-O-19.Journal of global health · 2020Article
- Article
- Screening for breech presentation using universal late-pregnancy ultrasonography: A prospective cohort study and cost effectiveness analysis.PLoS medicine · 2019Observational
- Maternal and foetal medical conditions during pregnancy as determinants of intrapartum stillbirth in public health facilities of Addis Ababa: a case-control study.The Pan African medical journal · 2019Article
- The art of vaginal breech birth at term on all fours.Clinical case reports · 2017Article
- Recurrence of breech presentation in consecutive pregnancies.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2010Article
- Clinical examination for non-cephalic presentation: Royal College of Midwives' response to research.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2006Article
- Clinical examination for non-cephalic presentation: external cephalic version should be a maternity service quality indicator.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2006Article
- Non-cephalic presentation in late pregnancy.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2006Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the diagnostic accuracy of clinical examination to determine fetal presentation in late pregnancy.
designCross sectional analytic study with index test of clinical examination and reference standard of ultrasonography.
settingAntenatal clinic in tertiary obstetric hospital in Sydney, Australia.
participants1633 women with a singleton pregnancy between 35 and 37 weeks' gestation attending antenatal clinics.
interventionFetal presentation assessed by clinical examination during routine antenatal care, followed by ultrasonography to confirm the diagnosis.
main outcome measuresSensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of clinical examination compared with ultrasonography. Diagnostic rates by maternal characteristics.
resultsUltrasonography identified non-cephalic presentation in 130 (8%) women, comprising 103 (6.3%) with breech and 27 (1.7%) with transverse or oblique lie. Sensitivity of clinical examination for detecting non-cephalic presentation was 70% (95% confidence interval 62% to 78%) and specificity was 95% (94% to 96%). The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 55% and 97%, respectively.
conclusionsClinical examination is not sensitive enough for detection and timely management of non-cephalic presentation.
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Registered trials
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