ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2006
Discovery of a marine bacterium producing 4-hydroxybenzoate and its alkyl esters, parabens.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibacterial activity of marine macroalgae-associated Bacillus spp. from the Bay of Bengal coast of India.Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · 2026Article
- The stray cat exposure to parabens in highly urbanized environment.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Analysis of Genomic and Characterization Features ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Polymer degrading marineBeilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2024Review
- Application of Marine Microbial Natural Products in Cosmetics.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Evaluation of human exposure to parabens in north eastern Poland through hair sample analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Uncovering the Core Microbiome and Distribution of Palmerolide inMarine drugs · 2020Article
- Comparison of radical-driven technologies applied for paraben mixture degradation: mechanism, biodegradability, toxicity and cost assessment.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Genomic Analysis ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Lactobacillus paracasei metabolism of rice bran reveals metabolome associated with Salmonella Typhimurium growth reduction.Journal of applied microbiology · 2017Article
- Marine Microbial-Derived Molecules and Their Potential Use in Cosmeceutical and Cosmetic Products.Marine drugs · 2017Review
- Species specificity of symbiosis and secondary metabolism in ascidians.The ISME journal · 2015Article
- New and rare carotenoids isolated from marine bacteria and their antioxidant activities.Marine drugs · 2014Review
- Production of phenols and alkyl gallate esters by Rhodobacter sphaeroides OU5.Current microbiology · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chemically synthesized 4-hydroxybenzoate (4HBA) is widely used in the chemical and electrical industries as a material for producing polymers such as those of the liquid crystal type. Its alkyl esters, called parabens, have been the most widely used preservatives by the food and cosmetic industries. We report here for the first time a microorganism, a marine bacterium, which biosynthesizes these petrochemical products. The marine bacterial strain, A4B-17, which was found to belong to the genus Microbulbifer on the basis of its rRNA and gyrB sequences, was isolated from an ascidian in the coastal waters of Palau. Strain A4B-17 was, surprisingly, found to produce 10 mg/liter of 4HBA, together with its butyl (24 mg/liter), heptyl (0.4 mg/liter), and nonyl (6 mg/liter) esters. We therefore characterized 23 other marine bacteria belonging to the genus Microbulbifer, which our institute had previously isolated from various marine environments, and found that these bacteria also produced 4HBA, although with low production levels (less than one-fifth of that produced by A4B-17). We also show that the alkyl esters of 4HBA produced by strain A4B-17 were effective in preventing the growth of yeasts, molds, and gram-positive bacteria.
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