ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2006
Identification of a gene cluster for biosynthesis of mannosylerythritol lipids in the basidiomycetous fungus Ustilago maydis.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
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62 citing papers in PubMed, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Diversity and Species-Specific Metabolic Potential in Ustilaginaceae.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Studying Peroxisomes in Ustilago maydis: A Defined Workflow.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Chromosome-level comparative genomics and host-specific fungal transcriptomics uncover adaptive virulence strategies in the sugarcane smut pathogen.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- In Vivo Online Monitoring of Intracellular Lipid Accumulation inEngineering in life sciences · 2025Article
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- Review on Current Research on Biosynthesis of Biosurfactants and the Regulation Influenced by Metal Ions.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
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- Peroxisomal core structures segregate diverse metabolic pathways.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Yeast-secreted compounds with antifungal activity-screening, genetic parts, biosynthetic pathways, and regulation.FEMS yeast research · 2025Review
- The fed-batch production of mannosylerythritol lipids by Ustilago maydis DSM 4500 from hydrophilic carbon sources.Bioprocess and biosystems engineering · 2024Article
- Enhancement of mono-acylated MEL-D production in an acyltransferase gene-deleted strain ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- What are the 100 most cited fungal genera?Studies in mycology · 2024Article
- Promising Application, Efficient Production, and Genetic Basis of Mannosylerythritol Lipids.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Huitlacoche (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Progress in pathogenesis research of Ustilago maydis, and the metabolites involved along with their biosynthesis.Molecular plant pathology · 2023Review
- Functional Clustering of Metabolically Related Genes Is Conserved acrossJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Structural identification of catalytic His158 of PtMAC2p fromFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Article
- A review of the role of biosurfactants in the biodegradation of hydrophobic organopollutants: production, mode of action, biosynthesis and applications.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2022Review
- Production and Characterization of a Bioemulsifier Derived from Microorganisms with Potential Application in the Food Industry.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many microorganisms produce surface-active substances that enhance the availability of water-insoluble substrates. Although many of these biosurfactants have interesting potential applications, very little is known about their biosynthesis. The basidiomycetous fungus Ustilago maydis secretes large amounts of mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) under conditions of nitrogen starvation. We recently described a putative glycosyltransferase, Emt1, which is essential for MEL biosynthesis and whose expression is strongly induced by nitrogen limitation. We used DNA microarray analysis to identify additional genes involved in MEL biosynthesis. Here we show that emt1 is part of a gene cluster which comprises five open reading frames. Three of the newly identified proteins, Mac1, Mac2, and Mat1, contain short sequence motifs characteristic for acyl- and acetyltransferases. Mutational analysis revealed that Mac1 and Mac2 are essential for MEL production, which suggests that they are involved in the acylation of mannosylerythritol. Deletion of mat1 resulted in the secretion of completely deacetylated MELs, as determined by mass spectrometry. We overexpressed Mat1 in Escherichia coli and demonstrated that this enzyme acts as an acetyl coenzyme A-dependent acetyltransferase. Remarkably, Mat1 displays relaxed regioselectivity and is able to acetylate mannosylerythritol at both the C-4 and C-6 hydroxyl groups. Based on these results, we propose a biosynthesis pathway for the generation of mannosylerythritol lipids in U. maydis.
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