Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16885298›Full record

ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2006

Targeting species-specific low-affinity 16S rRNA binding sites by using peptide nucleic acids for detection of Legionellae in biofilms.

Sandra A Wilks, C William Keevil

Open access · greenAbstract readEvaluation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
17citing papers in PubMed
2.4field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

17 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Biofilm · 2025
    Article
  2. Biofilm · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Ecology ofBiofilm · 2024
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Antisense peptide nucleic acids as a potential anti-infective agent.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2019
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Molecular-beacon-based tricomponent probe for SNP analysis in folded nucleic acids.Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2011
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Sandra A WilksEnvironmental Healthcare Unit, Microbiology Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Bassett Crescent East, Southampton SO16 7PX, United Kingdom. S.A.Wilks@soton.ac.uk
C William Keevil
University of Southampton · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Using fluorescence in situ hybridization to detect bacterial groups has several inherent limitations. DNA probes are generally used, targeting sites on the 16S rRNA. However, much of the 16S rRNA is highly conserved, with variable regions often located in inaccessible areas where secondary structures can restrict probe access. Here, we describe the use of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes as a superior alternative to DNA probes, especially when used for environmental samples. A complex bacterial genus (Legionella) was studied, and two probes were designed, one to detect all species and one targeted to Legionella pneumophila. These probes were developed from existing sequences and are targeted to low-binding-affinity sites on the 16S rRNA. In total, 47 strains of Legionella were tested. In all cases, the Legionella spp. PNA probe labeled cells strongly but did not bind to any non-Legionella species. Likewise, the specific L. pneumophila PNA probe labeled only strains of L. pneumophila. By contrast, the equivalent DNA probes performed poorly. To assess the applicability of this method for use on environmental samples, drinking-water biofilms were spiked with a known concentration of L. pneumophila bacteria. Quantifications of the L. pneumophila bacteria were compared using PNA hybridization and standard culture methods. The culture method quantified only 10% of the number of L. pneumophila bacteria found by PNA hybridization. This illustrates the value of this method for use on complex environmental samples, especially where cells may be in a viable but noncultivable state.

Indexed as

Binding SitesBiofilmsDNA ProbesEnvironmental MonitoringLegionellaNucleic Acid HybridizationPeptide Nucleic AcidsRNA, Ribosomal, 16SSpecies SpecificityDNA ProbesPeptide Nucleic AcidsRNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Identifiers

PMID16885298
PMCPMC1538740
OpenAlexW2141857344

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.