ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2006
Prolactin modulates TRPV1 in female rat trigeminal sensory neurons.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prolactin and pain of endometriosis.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2023Pooled it
- The therapeutic pipeline in migraine: What does the future hold?Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Spinal glial cell derived extra-pituitary prolactin contributes to postoperative pain in females.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Macrophages and iNOS contribute to the effects of dural prolactin and repeated stress in mouse migraine models.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Article
- A prolactin-targeting antibody to prevent stress-induced peripheral nociceptor sensitization and female postoperative pain.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Advancing understanding of migraine pathophysiology and therapy by consideration of patient sex.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2025Review
- Meningeal K ATP channels contribute to behavioral responses in preclinical migraine models.Pain · 2025Article
- Sex differences in the effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide signaling on migraine-like behavior in animal models: a narrative review.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Review
- Prolactin-induced sensitization of trigeminal nociceptors promotes migraine co-morbidity in endometriosis.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2025Article
- Nociceptors are functionally male or female: from mouse to monkey to man.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2024Article
- Female-selective mechanisms promoting migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Review
- Macrophages and microglia in inflammation and neuroinflammation underlying different pain states.Medical review (2021) · 2023Article
- Prolactin and oxytocin: potential targets for migraine treatment.The journal of headache and pain · 2023Review
- Dysregulation of serum prolactin links the hypothalamus with female nociceptors to promote migraine.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Article
- Trigeminal neurons control immune-bone cell interaction and metabolism in apical periodontitis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- A prolactin-dependent sexually dimorphic mechanism of migraine chronification.Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache · 2022Article
- Sex-dependent pain trajectories induced by prolactin require an inflammatory response for pain resolution.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2022Article
- Prolactin signaling modulates stress-induced behavioral responses in a preclinical mouse model of migraine.Headache · 2022Article
- Sexual dimorphism in functional pain syndromes.Science translational medicine · 2021Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sex dependency in pain perception is well documented and is thought to be attributable to the effect of reproductive hormones on nociceptive processing. In the present study, we evaluated whether estradiol alters gene transcription in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) of ovariectomized rats (OVX). These experiments demonstrated a dramatic (40-fold) upregulation of prolactin (PRL) expression in TG by 17-beta-estradiol (E2). PRL expression was restricted to TG neurons and was highly overlapped with transient potential receptor vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) (approximately 90%) in TG. Additionally, PRL is released from neurons during stimulation. Both forms of PRL receptors (PRLRs), short and long, were also present in TG neurons. Moreover, expression of the long PRLRs was under control of estradiol. We next evaluated the novel hypothesis that PRL acts as a neuromodulator of sensory neurons. PRL pretreatment significantly enhanced capsaicin-evoked inward currents, calcium influx, and immunoreactive calcitonin gene-related peptide release from cultured TG neurons. This PRL modulation of capsaicin responses was abolished by withdrawal of E2 from TG cultures. Biochemical analysis demonstrated that PRL increased (>50%) phosphorylation levels of TRPV1 in TG. In a behavioral test, PRL pretreatment significantly potentiated capsaicin-evoked nocifensive behavior in female rats at proestrous and in OVX rats after E2 treatment. The in vivo potentiating effect of PRL on capsaicin responses was also dependent on E2. Collectively, these data demonstrate that PRL is a novel modulator of sensory neurons tightly regulated by E2. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that PRL could contribute to the development of certain pain disorders, possibly including those modulated by estrogen.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.