ArticleGene therapy2006
Variability of naked DNA expression after direct local injection: the influence of the injection speed.
Article in Gene therapy, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intradermal Injection of a Protein Alone Without Additional Adjuvants Using a Needle-Free Pyro-Drive Jet Injector Induces Potent CD8International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A Promising Needle-Free Pyro-Drive Jet Injector for Augmentation of Immunity by Intradermal Injection as a Physical Adjuvant.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Induction of potent antitumor immunity by intradermal DNA injection using a novel needle-free pyro-drive jet injector.Cancer science · 2023Article
- Anticancer effects of a single intramuscular dose of a minicircle DNA vector expressing anti-CD3/CD20 in a xenograft mouse model.Molecular therapy oncolytics · 2022Article
- Definition of a Novel Plasmid-Based Gene Transfection Protocol of Mammalian Skeletal Muscles by Means of In Vivo Electroporation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Delivery of hepatocyte growth factor mRNA from nanofibrillar scaffolds in a pig model of peripheral arterial disease.Regenerative medicine · 2020Article
- Stable Immune Response Induced by Intradermal DNA Vaccination by a Novel Needleless Pyro-Drive Jet Injector.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2019Article
- A Critical Review of Electroporation as A Plasmid Delivery System in Mouse Skeletal Muscle.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Non-viral, Tumor-free Induction of Transient Cell Reprogramming in Mouse Skeletal Muscle to Enhance Tissue Regeneration.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2019Article
- Aligned Nanofibrillar Scaffolds for Controlled Delivery of Modified mRNA.Tissue engineering. Part A · 2019Article
- Tumor radiosensitization by gene therapy against endoglin.Cancer gene therapy · 2016Article
- The promising alliance of anti-cancer electrochemotherapy with immunotherapy.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2016Review
- Gene Electrotransfer: A Mechanistic Perspective.Current gene therapy · 2016Review
- Use of inert gas jets to measure the forces required for mechanical gene transfection.Biomedical engineering online · 2012Article
- Gene transfer: how can the biological barriers be overcome?The Journal of membrane biology · 2010Article
- Gene electrotransfer: from biophysical mechanisms to in vivo applications : Part 2 - In vivo developments and present clinical applications.Biophysical reviews · 2009Review
- Electroporation advances in large animals.Current gene therapy · 2009Review
- Specific expression and regulation of hepassocin in the liver and down-regulation of the correlation of HNF1alpha with decreased levels of hepassocin in human hepatocellular carcinoma.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2009Article
- Physical methods of nucleic acid transfer: general concepts and applications.British journal of pharmacology · 2009Review
- The effect of the histological properties of tumors on transfection efficiency of electrically assisted gene delivery to solid tumors in mice.Gene therapy · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The simple injection of DNA into muscles is known to result in the expression of the injected genes, even though at low and variable levels. We report that this variability in DNA expression is partly dependent on the injection speed. The acceleration of the injection speed from values around 2 mul/s up to ones around 25 mul/s (depending on the tissue) results in a significant increase in gene expression in skeletal muscle (280 times on an average) and in liver (50 times) and a nonsignificant sevenfold increase in tumors. Heparin, which inhibits the spontaneous uptake of the injected DNA, also inhibits the increases related to the injection speed. However, at the highest injection speed, this inhibition is not total because very fast injections provoke a direct permeabilization of the cells. This "hydroporation" could be similar to the permeabilization found in the hydrodynamics method based on the fast intravascular injection of a huge volume of DNA. Neither the "hydroporation" nor the heparin-inhibitable uptake mechanism induces histologically detectable lesions. There is a limited muscle cell stress independent of the injection speed. Heterogeneity in the injection speed might thus be an explanation for the variability in DNA expression after simple injection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.