ArticlePlant physiology2006
A shift of Phloem unloading from symplasmic to apoplasmic pathway is involved in developmental onset of ripening in grape berry.
Article in Plant physiology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers.
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Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 338 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dissecting gene regulatory networks driving grape berry ripening using comparative systems biology across nonclimacteric fleshy fruits: the NAC-centered hierarchy revisited.Horticulture research · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms and evolutionary adaptations of transporters for photosynthates and specialized metabolites in plants.Plant cell reports · 2026Review
- Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Highbush Blueberries (Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Sugar Transport and Signaling in Shoot Branching.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Sustained carbon import supports sugar accumulation and anthocyanin biosynthesis during fruit development and ripening in blueberry (Vaccinium ashei).Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Sugar import mediated by sugar transporters and cell wall invertases for seed development inHorticulture research · 2024Article
- From acidity to sweetness: a comprehensive review of carbon accumulation in grape berries.Molecular horticulture · 2024Review
- Berry shrivel in grapevine: a review considering multiple approaches.Journal of experimental botany · 2024Review
- Unraveling water relations in growing fruit: insights from the epidermal growth regulation hypothesis.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Review
- Phloem anatomy predicts berry sugar accumulation across 13 wine-grape cultivars.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Ripening dynamics revisited: an automated method to track the development of asynchronous berries on time-lapse images.Plant methods · 2023Article
- Phloem unloading in cultivated melon fruits follows an apoplasmic pathway during enlargement and ripening.Horticulture research · 2023Article
- Fruit Photosynthesis: More to Know about Where, How and Why.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Structure and sucrose binding mechanism of the plant SUC1 sucrose transporter.Nature plants · 2023Article
- Article
- Grape Berry Responses to Sequential Flooding and Heatwave Events: A Physiological, Transcriptional, and Metabolic Overview.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Apoplastic sugar may be lost from grape berries and retrieved in pedicels.Plant physiology · 2022Article
- Transcriptomic Analyses of Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 Infection in Leaves and Berries of 'Cabernet Franc'.Viruses · 2022Article
- Expression Analyses in the Rachis Hint towards Major Cell Wall Modifications in Grape Clusters Showing Berry Shrivel Symptoms.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Grapevine Leafroll-Associated Virus 3 Genotype Influences Foliar Symptom Development in New Zealand Vineyards.Viruses · 2022Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It remains unclear whether the phloem unloading pathway alters to adapt to developmental transition in fleshy fruits that accumulate high level of soluble sugars. Using a combination of electron microscopy, transport of the phloem-mobile symplasmic tracer carboxyfluorescein, movement of the companion cell-expressed and the green fluorescent protein-tagged viral movement protein, and assays of the sucrose cleavage enzymes, the pathway of phloem unloading was studied in the berries of a hybrid grape (Vitis vinifera x Vitis labrusca). Structural investigations showed that the sieve element-companion cell complex is apparently symplasmically connected through plasmodesmata with surrounding parenchyma cells throughout fruit development, though a small portion of plasmodesmata are apparently blocked in the ripening stage. Both carboxyfluorescein and the green fluorescent protein-tagged viral movement protein were released from the functional phloem strands during the early and middle stages of fruit development, whereas the two symplasmic tracers were confined to the phloem strands during the late stage. This reveals a shift of phloem unloading from symplasmic to apoplasmic pathway during fruit development. The turning point of the phloem unloading pathways was further shown to be at or just before onset of ripening, an important developmental checkpoint of grape berry. In addition, the levels of both the expression and activities of cell wall acid invertase increased around the onset of ripening and reached a high level in the late stage, providing further evidence for an operation of the apoplasmic unloading pathway after onset of ripening. These data demonstrate clearly the occurrence of an adaptive shift of phloem unloading pathway to developmental transition from growing phase to ripening in grape berry.
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