ArticleJournal of bacteriology2006
Outer membrane vesicle production by Escherichia coli is independent of membrane instability.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 219 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
219 citing papers in PubMed, 376 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acid exposure induces adaptive resistance inMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Vesicle Nucleation Peptide Fusion Induced Extracellular Vesicles Are Distinct From Escherichia coli Outer Membrane Vesicles, and Provide an Enhanced Platform for Protein Production and Purification.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles promote membrane repair and tolerance to polymyxin B.Science advances · 2026Article
- Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles: Research Advances from Biogenesis Mechanisms to Engineered Applications.Membranes · 2026Review
- Cell Envelope Remodeling and Lipid Metabolism Coordinate Extracellular Vesicle Output in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Periplasmic crowding and peptidoglycan hydrolase activity as drivers of outer membrane vesiculation in Acinetobacter baumannii.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Frontiers in bacterial outer membrane vesicles: From basic characteristics to cancer therapy.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2026Article
- Biosynthesis and Export of Membrane-Enveloped Selenium Nanoparticles byEnvironmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Bacterial outer membrane vesicles: a smart platform for biomedical applications.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Review
- Fructan utilization by members of marine Gammaproteobacteria involves SusC/D-like proteins.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Bacterial extracellular vesicles as players in biofilm dynamics and community interactions.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Engineered bacterial extracellular vesicles as next-generation precision postbiotics: strategies, challenges and prospects.Extracellular vesicles and circulating nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Outer membrane vesicles as a versatile nanoplatform for advanced vaccine development and immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Biological nanoparticles from Brucella abortusJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Outer Membrane Vesicles as a Versatile Platform for Vaccine Development: Engineering Strategies, Applications and Challenges.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Review
- Article
- Membrane Stress Enhances Specific PQS-Lipid Interactions That Drive Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicle Biogenesis.Membranes · 2025Article
- X-Ray Irradiation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induces Biogenesis of Outer-Inner Membrane Vesicles With Potential as a Vaccine Against Acute Pneumonia.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Bioengineering Outer-Membrane Vesicles for Vaccine Development: Strategies, Advances, and Perspectives.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Engineered Membrane Vesicle Production viaACS synthetic biology · 2025Article
159 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
It has been long noted that gram-negative bacteria produce outer membrane vesicles, and recent data demonstrate that vesicles released by pathogenic strains can transmit virulence factors to host cells. However, the mechanism of vesicle release has remained undetermined. This genetic study addresses whether these structures are merely a result of membrane instability or are formed by a more directed process. To elucidate the regulatory mechanisms and physiological basis of vesiculation, we conducted a screen in Escherichia coli to identify gene disruptions that caused vesicle over- or underproduction. Only a few low-vesiculation mutants and no null mutants were recovered, suggesting that vesiculation may be a fundamental characteristic of gram-negative bacterial growth. Gene disruptions were identified that caused differences in vesicle production ranging from a 5-fold decrease to a 200-fold increase relative to wild-type levels. These disruptions included loci governing outer membrane components and peptidoglycan synthesis as well as the sigma(E) cell envelope stress response. Mutations causing vesicle overproduction did not result in upregulation of the ompC gene encoding a major outer membrane protein. Detergent sensitivity, leakiness, and growth characteristics of the novel vesiculation mutant strains did not correlate with vesiculation levels, demonstrating that vesicle production is not predictive of envelope instability.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.