ArticleBMC cancer2006
HEX expression and localization in normal mammary gland and breast carcinoma.
Article in BMC cancer, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Genome-wide association studies for milk production traits and persistency of first calving Holstein cattle in Türkiye.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- The Haematopoietically-expressed homeobox transcription factor: roles in development, physiology and disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Hhex inhibits cell migration via regulating RHOA/CDC42-CFL1 axis in human lung cancer cells.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2021Article
- Methylation-driven genes and their prognostic value in cervical squamous cell carcinoma.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Article
- Blood platelets stimulate cancer extravasation through TGFβ-mediated downregulation of PRH/HHEX.Oncogenesis · 2020Article
- Clinicopathological Significances of Cancer Stem Cell-Associated HHEX Expression in Breast Cancer.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- Deregulated NKL Homeobox Genes in B-Cell Lymphoma.Cancers · 2019Review
- Co-Expression Network and Pathway Analyses Reveal Important Modules of miRNAs Regulating Milk Yield and Component Traits.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
- Proline-Rich Homeodomain protein (PRH/HHEX) is a suppressor of breast tumour growth.Oncogenesis · 2017Article
- CK2 abrogates the inhibitory effects of PRH/HHEX on prostate cancer cell migration and invasion and acts through PRH to control cell proliferation.Oncogenesis · 2017Article
- Hhex Is Necessary for the Hepatic Differentiation of Mouse ES Cells and Acts via Vegf Signaling.PloS one · 2016Article
- Misregulation of the proline rich homeodomain (PRH/HHEX) protein in cancer cells and its consequences for tumour growth and invasion.Cell & bioscience · 2016Review
- Article
- Thyroid transcription factors in development, differentiation and disease.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2015Review
- PRH/HHex inhibits the migration of breast and prostate epithelial cells through direct transcriptional regulation of Endoglin.Oncogene · 2014Article
- Regulation of liver growth by glypican 3, CD81, hedgehog, and Hhex.The American journal of pathology · 2013Article
- Protein kinase CK2 inactivates PRH/Hhex using multiple mechanisms to de-repress VEGF-signalling genes and promote cell survival.Nucleic acids research · 2012Article
- The proline rich homeodomain protein PRH/Hhex forms stable oligomers that are highly resistant to denaturation.PloS one · 2012Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe homeobox gene HEX is expressed in several cell types during different phases of animal development. It encodes for a protein localized in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. During early mouse development, HEX is expressed in the primitive endoderm of blastocyst. Later, HEX is expressed in developing thyroid, liver, lung, as well as in haematopoietic progenitors and endothelial cells. Absence of nuclear expression has been observed during neoplastic transformation of the thyroid follicular cells. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the localization and the function of the protein HEX in normal and tumoral breast tissues and in breast cancer cell lines.
methodsHEX expression and nuclear localization were investigated by immunohistochemistry in normal and cancerous breast tissue, as well as in breast cancer cell lines. HEX mRNA levels were evaluated by real-time PCR. Effects of HEX expression on Sodium Iodide Symporter (NIS) gene promoter activity was investigated by HeLa cell transfection.
resultsIn normal breast HEX was detected both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. In both ductal and lobular breast carcinomas, a great reduction of nuclear HEX was observed. In several cells from normal breast tissue as well as in MCF-7 and T47D cell line, HEX was observed in the nucleolus. MCF-7 treatment with all-trans retinoic acid enhanced HEX expression and induced a diffuse nuclear localization. Enhanced HEX expression and diffuse nuclear localization were also obtained when MCF-7 cells were treated with inhibitors of histone deacetylases such as sodium butyrate and trichostatin A. With respect to normal non-lactating breast, the amount of nuclear HEX was greatly increased in lactating tissue. Transfection experiments demonstrated that HEX is able to up-regulate the activity of NIS promoter.
conclusionOur data indicate that localization of HEX is regulated in epithelial breast cells. Since modification of localization occurs during lactation and tumorigenesis, we suggest that HEX may play a role in differentiation of the epithelial breast cell.
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