Trial reportAIDS (London, England)2006
Post-weaning breast milk HIV-1 viral load, blood prolactin levels and breast milk volume.
Trial report in AIDS (London, England), 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Asian Pacific association for the study of liver (APASL) guidelines: hepatitis B virus in pregnancy.Hepatology international · 2022Guideline
- Infant feeding practices were not associated with breast milk HIV-1 RNA levels in a randomized clinical trial in Botswana.AIDS and behavior · 2012Trial
- The acceptance and feasibility of replacement feeding at 6 months as an HIV prevention method in Lilongwe, Malawi: results from the BAN study.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2011Trial
- Effects of early, abrupt weaning on HIV-free survival of children in Zambia.The New England journal of medicine · 2008Trial
- High uptake of exclusive breastfeeding and reduced early post-natal HIV transmission.PloS one · 2007Trial
- Oral Lamivudine for Extended HIV Postnatal Prophylaxis.Paediatric drugs · 2026Review
- Understanding practices of lactation and infant feeding together with women with HIV: the UPLIFT observational study protocol.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Breastfeeding: Clinical Considerations and Mechanisms of Transmission in the Modern Era of Combined Antiretroviral Therapy.Clinics in perinatology · 2024Review
- Factors associated with HIV infection among children born to mothers on the prevention of mother to child transmission programme at Chitungwiza Hospital, Zimbabwe, 2008.BMC public health · 2013Article
- Challenges in infant and young child nutrition in the context of HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2013Article
- Immunology of pediatric HIV infection.Immunological reviews · 2013Review
- HIV-1 concentrations in human breast milk before and after weaning.Science translational medicine · 2013Article
- Chronic hepatitis B virus infection and pregnancy.Journal of clinical and experimental hepatology · 2012Review
- Care of the HIV-exposed child--to breast feed or not?Indian journal of pediatrics · 2012Article
- Current knowledge and future research on infant feeding in the context of HIV: basic, clinical, behavioral, and programmatic perspectives.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2011Review
- Host factors that influence mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1: genetics, coinfections, behavior and nutrition.Future virology · 2011Article
- What infants and breasts can teach us about natural protection from HIV infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2010Review
- Breastfeeding and chronic HBV infection: clinical and social implications.World journal of gastroenterology · 2010Review
- Advances and failures in preventing perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2009Review
- Need to optimise infant feeding counselling: a cross-sectional survey among HIV-positive mothers in Eastern Uganda.BMC pediatrics · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe effect of abrupt weaning, advocated as a safe transition from exclusive breastfeeding in HIV-exposed children, on the quantity of HIV viral load in breast milk (BMVL) is not known.
objectivesTo determine the effect of abrupt cessation of breastfeeding on serum prolactin, pumped breast milk volume and BMVL obtained 2 weeks after rapid weaning in HIV-infected women.
methodsWomen enrolled in a prospective study (ZEBS) were randomized to abruptly wean at 20 weeks postpartum or continue exclusive breastfeeding. Breast milk was obtained at 22 weeks by electric breast pump over 10 min from 222 women who had either weaned or continued to breastfeed. Pre- and post-pumping prolactin was measured. BMVL was measured at 20 and 22 weeks in 71 randomly selected women from both groups.
resultsBaseline prolactin and breast milk volume was significantly lower among women who had weaned. Detectable (68 versus 42%; P = 0.03) and median BMVL (448 versus < 50 copies/ml; P = 0.005) was significantly higher among those who had weaned in comparison with those who were still breastfeeding and was significantly higher in the same women after weaning compared with 2 weeks earlier (P = 0.001).
conclusionsBMVL is substantially higher after rapid weaning and this may pose an increased risk of HIV transmission if children resume breastfeeding after a period of cessation. Increases in BMVL with differing degrees of mixed feeding needs to be assessed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.