ReviewJournal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract
Conversions during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: risk factors and effects on patient outcome.
Review in Journal of gastrointestinal surgery : official journal of the Society for Surgery of the Alimentary Tract. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Clinical outcomes of laparoscopic versus robotic cholecystectomy approaches: a systematic review and GRADE assessment meta-analysis.Journal of robotic surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Preoperative Risk Factors for Conversion from Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- 2020 WSES guidelines for the detection and management of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy.World journal of emergency surgery : WJES · 2021Guideline
- Laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy in cirrhosis: a systematic review of outcomes and meta-analysis of randomized trials.HPB : the official journal of the International Hepato Pancreato Biliary Association · 2012Pooled it
- Navigating the Impossible Gallbladder: Bailout Strategies and Culture of Safety in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.Cureus · 2026Review
- A Case Report of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy in an Obese Patient With Situs Inversus Totalis.Cureus · 2026Article
- From the operating room: Surgeons' views on difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomies.Annals of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery · 2025Article
- Acute cholecystitis treated with urgent cholecystectomy achieves higher rate of critical view of safety when compared to interval cholecystectomy after tube cholecystostomy.Surgical endoscopy · 2025Article
- Article
- Does previous gastrectomy history affect the surgical outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy?BMC surgery · 2023Review
- Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Versus Open Cholecystectomy in Acute Cholecystitis: A Literature Review.Cureus · 2023Review
- Serum cholecystokinin levels can be a predictive factor for difficult cholecystectomy: Decreased cholecystokinin receptor levels.Ulusal travma ve acil cerrahi dergisi = Turkish journal of trauma & emergency surgery : TJTES · 2022Article
- Open conversion in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and bile duct exploration: subspecialisation safely reduces the conversion rates.Surgical endoscopy · 2022Article
- Article
- Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis: 8 years experience in a tertiary center. A retrospective cohort study.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2020Article
- Article
- Predictive Factors for a Long Postoperative Stay after Emergency Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Using the 2013 Tokyo Guidelines: A Retrospective Study.Minimally invasive surgery · 2019Article
- Predicting Conversion from Laparoscopic to Open Cholecystectomy: A Single Institution Retrospective Study.World journal of surgery · 2018Article
- Open Cholecystectomy Has a Place in the Laparoscopic Era: a Retrospective Cohort Study.The Indian journal of surgery · 2017Article
- Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy and Trainees: Predictors and Results in an Academic Teaching Hospital.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In view of the substantial, at times conflicting, literature on conversion to open surgery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), we have considered it timely to review the subject to identify the risk factors for conversion and its consequences. The review is based on a complete literature search covering the period 1990 to 2005. The search identified 109 publications on the subject: 68 retrospective series, 16 prospective nonrandomized studies, 8 prospective randomized clinical trials, 5 prospective case-controlled studies, 5 reviews and 7 others (3 observational, 2 population-based studies, 1 national survey, and 1 editorial). As the majority of reported studies are retrospective, firm conclusions cannot be reached. Single factors that appear to be important include male gender, extreme old age, morbid obesity, cirrhosis, previous upper abdominal surgery, severe/advanced acute and chronic disease, and emergency LC. The combination of patient- and disease-related risk factors increases the conversion risk. In the training of residents, the number of cases needed for reaching proficiency exceeds 200 cases. The value of predictive scoring systems is important in the selection of cases for resident training. Conversion exerts adverse effects on operating time, postoperative morbidity, and hospital costs, especially when it is enforced. There appears to be no absolute contraindication to LC that is agreed upon by all. There is consensus on certain individual risk factors and their additive effect on the likelihood of conversion. Predictive systems based on these factors appear to be useful in selection of cases for resident training.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.