ArticlePLoS genetics2006
Neofunctionalization in vertebrates: the example of retinoic acid receptors.
Article in PLoS genetics, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinoic Acid Signalling Regulates Zebrafish Tooth Germ Repair Following Injury.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Retinoid-X receptor action and disruption in development.Developmental biology · 2026Review
- A GATA factor radiation inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Unveiling the role of RARs in stomach adenocarcinoma: clinical implications and prognostic biomarkers.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
- C286, an orally available retinoic acid receptor β agonist drug, regulates multiple pathways to achieve spinal cord injury repair.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Expectations of duplicate gene retention under the gene duplicability hypothesis.BMC ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- MicroRNAs as Indicators into the Causes and Consequences of Whole-Genome Duplication Events.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Diversification and Functional Evolution of HOX Proteins.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- The impact of whole genome duplications on the human gene regulatory networks.PLoS computational biology · 2021Article
- Molecular Characterization of Retinoic Acid Receptor CgRAR in Pacific Oyster (Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Review
- New Insights into the Control of Cell Fate Choices and Differentiation by Retinoic Acid in Cranial, Axial and Caudal Structures.Biomolecules · 2019Review
- An Orthologue of the Retinoic Acid Receptor (RAR) Is Present in the Ecdysozoa Phylum Priapulida.Genes · 2019Article
- Regulation plays a multifaceted role in the retention of gene duplicates.PLoS biology · 2019Article
- Genes Encoding Teleost Fish Ligands and Associated Receptors Remained in Duplicate More Frequently than the Rest of the Genome.Genome biology and evolution · 2019Article
- Hindbrain induction and patterning during early vertebrate development.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2019Review
- The ancestral retinoic acid receptor was a low-affinity sensor triggering neuronal differentiation.Science advances · 2018Article
- Lineage-specific duplication of amphioxus retinoic acid degrading enzymes (CYP26) resulted in sub-functionalization of patterning and homeostatic roles.BMC evolutionary biology · 2017Article
- LXRα and LXRβ Nuclear Receptors Evolved in the Common Ancestor of Gnathostomes.Genome biology and evolution · 2017Article
- Developmental Mechanism of Limb Field Specification along the Anterior-Posterior Axis during Vertebrate Evolution.Journal of developmental biology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding the role of gene duplications in establishing vertebrate innovations is one of the main challenges of Evo-Devo (evolution of development) studies. Data on evolutionary changes in gene expression (i.e., evolution of transcription factor-cis-regulatory elements relationships) tell only part of the story; protein function, best studied by biochemical and functional assays, can also change. In this study, we have investigated how gene duplication has affected both the expression and the ligand-binding specificity of retinoic acid receptors (RARs), which play a major role in chordate embryonic development. Mammals have three paralogous RAR genes--RAR alpha, beta, and gamma--which resulted from genome duplications at the origin of vertebrates. By using pharmacological ligands selective for specific paralogues, we have studied the ligand-binding capacities of RARs from diverse chordates species. We have found that RAR beta-like binding selectivity is a synapomorphy of all chordate RARs, including a reconstructed synthetic RAR representing the receptor present in the ancestor of chordates. Moreover, comparison of expression patterns of the cephalochordate amphioxus and the vertebrates suggests that, of all the RARs, RAR beta expression has remained most similar to that of the ancestral RAR. On the basis of these results together, we suggest that while RAR beta kept the ancestral RAR role, RAR alpha and RAR gamma diverged both in ligand-binding capacity and in expression patterns. We thus suggest that neofunctionalization occurred at both the expression and the functional levels to shape RAR roles during development in vertebrates.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.