ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2006
Tuberculosis in elephants: antibody responses to defined antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, potential for early diagnosis, and monitoring of treatment.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
- Seroprevalence of tuberculosis and hematological variations in captive and orphaned wild elephants (Elephas maximus maximus) in Sri Lanka.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Zoonotic transmission of theFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Phagocytic Function and Flow Cytometric Phenotype of Asian Elephant Monocytes.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Understanding the development of tuberculous granulomas: insights into host protection and pathogenesis, a review in humans and animals.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Article
- Monitoring IgG against Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins in an Asian elephant cured of tuberculosis that developed from long-term latency.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Tuberculosis seroprevalence and comparison of hematology and biochemistry parameters between seropositive and seronegative captive Asian elephants of Nepal.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2021Article
- Prevalence and Demographic Risk Factors ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex infection in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) using an interferon gamma release assay in a captive elephant herd.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Mixed Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineage Infection in 2 Elephants, Nepal.Emerging infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Fatal Tuberculosis in a Free-Ranging African Elephant and One Health Implications of Human Pathogens in Wildlife.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2019Article
- Bronchoalveolar lavage for diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in elephants.Epidemiology and infection · 2018Article
- Point of Care Tuberculosis Sero-Diagnosis Kit for Wild Animals: Combination of Proteins for Improving the Diagnostic Sensitivity and Specificity.Indian journal of microbiology · 2018Article
- Article
- Tuberculosis in Swiss captive Asian elephants: microevolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis characterized by multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis and whole-genome sequencing.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection among Asian Elephants in Captivity.Emerging infectious diseases · 2017Article
- Comparison of cortisol and thyroid hormones between tuberculosis-suspect and healthy elephants of Nepal.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2016Article
- Development and evaluation of an interferon-γ release assay in Asian elephants (Elephas maximus).The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2016Article
- Tuberculosis in Laos, who is at risk: the mahouts or their elephants?Epidemiology and infection · 2015Article
- Mycobacterium bovis infection in humans and cats in same household, Texas, USA, 2012.Emerging infectious diseases · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in elephants is a re-emerging zoonotic disease caused primarily by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Current diagnosis relies on trunk wash culture, the only officially recognized test, which has serious limitations. Innovative and efficient diagnostic methods are urgently needed. Rapid identification of infected animals is a crucial prerequisite for more effective control of TB, as early diagnosis allows timely initiation of chemotherapy. Serology has diagnostic potential, although key antigens have not been identified and optimal immunoassay formats are not established. To characterize the humoral responses in elephant TB, we tested 143 serum samples collected from 15 elephants over time. These included 48 samples from five culture-confirmed TB cases, of which four were in Asian elephants infected with M. tuberculosis and one was in an African elephant with Mycobacterium bovis. Multiantigen print immunoassay (MAPIA) employing a panel of 12 defined antigens was used to identify serologic correlates of active disease. ESAT-6 was the immunodominant antigen recognized in elephant TB. Serum immunoglobulin G antibodies to ESAT-6 and other proteins were detected up to 3.5 years prior to culture of M. tuberculosis from trunk washes. Antibody levels to certain antigens gradually decreased in response to antitubercular therapy, suggesting the possibility of treatment monitoring. In addition to MAPIA, serum samples were evaluated with a recently developed rapid test (RT) based on lateral flow technology (ElephantTB STAT-PAK). Similarly to MAPIA, infected elephants were identified using the RT up to 4 years prior to positive culture. These findings demonstrate the potential for TB surveillance and treatment monitoring using the RT and MAPIA, respectively.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.