ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2006
High prevalence of multiple human herpesviruses in saliva from human immunodeficiency virus-infected persons in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 146 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV and human herpesvirus 8 co-infection across the globe: Systematic review and meta-analysis.International journal of cancer · 2016Pooled it
- Selective effects of cyclin dependent kinase inhibitors in gammaherpesvirus reactivation from latency.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- A viral glycoprotein targets IgGEMBO molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Liposomal Delivery of a BiotechnologicalAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- NK cells restrain cytotoxic CD8Science immunology · 2024Article
- Viral Load Measurements for Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV8): Review and an Updated Assay.Journal of medical virology · 2024Review
- Factors affecting Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus transmission in rural Ugandan households, a longitudinal study.Infectious agents and cancer · 2024Article
- Factors affecting Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus transmission in rural Ugandan households, a longitudinal study.Research square · 2024Article
- Article
- Epstein - Barr Virus Salivary Shedding in Patients with Acute Infectious Diseases: A Pilot Study.Acta stomatologica Croatica · 2024Article
- Detection ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Detection of Human Herpesviruses in Sera and Saliva of Asymptomatic HIV-Infected Individuals Using Multiplex RT-PCR DNA Microarray.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Molecular Pathogenesis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Disease of Oropharyngeal Mucosal Epithelium.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Increased frequency and quantity of mucosal and plasma cytomegalovirus replication among Ugandan Adults Living with HIV.PloS one · 2023Article
- Review
- Article
- Oral Shedding of an Oncogenic Virus Alters the Oral Microbiome in HIV+ Patients.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Bacterial-viral interactions: a factor that facilitates transmission heterogeneities.FEMS microbes · 2022Article
- Identifying high-confidence variants in human cytomegalovirus genomes sequenced from clinical samples.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Children by Antibody Detection in Saliva: Protocol for a Prospective Longitudinal Study (Coro-Buddy).JMIR research protocols · 2021Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with an increased risk for human herpesviruses (HHVs) and their related diseases. Methods for limiting the transmission of HHVs require a better understanding of the prevalence and infectiousness of oral HHVs in HIV-infected patients. We performed quantitative PCR to investigate the prevalence, quantity, risk, and correlates of salivary HHVs from 58 HIV-seropositive individuals in a case control study. HHVs were significantly more prevalent in the salivas of HIV-seropositive persons than in those of the controls (odds ratios [ORs], 4.2 to 26.2; P<or=0.008). In HIV-infected patients, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) were detected in 90%, 57%, 31% and 16% of samples, respectively, compared with 48%, 24%, 2%, and 2%, respectively, of samples from controls. Multiple HHVs were observed in 71% of HIV-seropositive persons and only 16% of controls (OR, 13.0; 95% confidence interval, 5.29 to 32.56). HIV-positive patients had significantly higher EBV loads than HIV-negative persons (P<0.0001). HIV-infected patients with CD4 counts above 200 cells/microl had increased probability for having HHV-8 in saliva (P=0.009) compared with patients whose counts were less than 200. In contrast, HSV-1, EBV, and CMV were detected more often when CD4 counts were low. High salivary HHV loads were detected for those (n=7) with oral lesions. These findings suggest that saliva is a potential risk factor for the acquisition of multiple HHVs, and several host factors may function to accelerate HHV reactivation or replication in patients with HIV infection.
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