ReviewVaccine2006
Novel human polysaccharide adjuvants with dual Th1 and Th2 potentiating activity.
Review in Vaccine, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative effectiveness of H7N9 vaccines in healthy individuals.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Pooled it
- A Pilot Randomised Controlled Dose-Ranging Trial of Ant Venom Immunotherapy With and Without Delta-Inulin Adjuvant.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Trial
- A polyvalent vaccine for selectively killing tumor-associated bacteria to prevent cancer metastasis.Science advances · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review on Immunoregulatory Effects of Phytochemicals.Current drug discovery technologies · 2025Review
- Physicochemical properties and adsorption state of aluminum adjuvants with different processes in vaccines.Heliyon · 2023Article
- Distinct T helper cell-mediated antitumor immunity: T helper 2 cells in focus.Cancer pathogenesis and therapy · 2023Review
- Mechanistic insights from the review and evaluation of ayurvedic herbal medicines for the prevention and management of COVID-19 patients.Journal of herbal medicine · 2022Article
- Nucleic acid vaccination strategies for ovarian cancer.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2022Review
- A Comprehensive Overview on the Production of Vaccines in Plant-Based Expression Systems and the Scope of Plant Biotechnology to Combat against SARS-CoV-2 Virus Pandemics.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Medicinal Plants in COVID-19: Potential and Limitations.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Self-healing microcapsules synergetically modulate immunization microenvironments for potent cancer vaccination.Science advances · 2020Article
- Confinement of Suspension-Cultured Cells in Polyethylene Glycol/Polyethylene Oxide-Albumin Aqueous Two-Phase Systems.Frontiers in chemistry · 2019Article
- Osmolytes in vaccine production, flocculation and storage: a critical review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2019Review
- Current challenges for cancer vaccine adjuvant development.Expert review of vaccines · 2018Review
- Edible plants for oral delivery of biopharmaceuticals.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2017Review
- The Immunomodulatory Role of Adjuvants in Vaccines Formulated with the Recombinant Antigens Ov-103 and Ov-RAL-2 against Onchocerca volvulus in Mice.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- Adjuvants and lymphoma risk as part of the ASIA spectrum.Immunologic research · 2015Review
- Advances in aluminum hydroxide-based adjuvant research and its mechanism.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Review
- Vaccine delivery system for tuberculosis based on nano-sized hepatitis B virus core protein particles.International journal of nanomedicine · 2013Article
- Technologies for enhanced efficacy of DNA vaccines.Expert review of vaccines · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pure soluble, recombinant and synthetic antigens, despite their better tolerability, are unfortunately often much less immunogenic than live or killed whole organism vaccines. Thus, the move towards the development of safer subunit vaccines has created a major need for more potent adjuvants. In particular, there is an urgent need for adjuvants capable of boosting cellular (Th1) immunity but without unacceptable toxicity. The adjuvant activity of aluminium compounds (aluminium phosphate or hydroxide) was first described by Glenny and colleagues in 1926. Surprisingly, despite the description of over one hundred adjuvants in the scientific literature, alum remains the only adjuvant approved for human use in the USA. Unfortunately, alum has no effect on cellular immunity and is faced with increasing concerns regarding potential for cumulative aluminium toxicity. Why then has alum not been replaced in human vaccines? Despite the enormous number of candidates, potency has invariably been associated with increased toxicity, and this more than anything else has precluded their use, particularly in prophylactic vaccines where safety issues are paramount. Hence, there is a major unmet need for a safe efficacious adjuvant capable of boosting cellular plus humoral immunity. The extensive data on inulin-based adjuvants indicate that these are excellent candidates to replace alum as the adjuvant of choice for many vaccines. Particular advantages offered by inulin-based adjuvants is that they induce cellular in addition to humoral immunity and offer excellent safety, tolerability, ease of manufacture and formulation. Thus, adjuvants based on inulin have enormous potential for use in vaccines against both pathogens and cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.