Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16818880›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006

Collective evolution and the genetic code.

Kalin Vetsigian, Carl Woese, Nigel Goldenfeld

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
128citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

128 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Coevolution of RNase P and the ribosome.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  4. Science of the gaps.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. On an RNA-Membrane Protogenome.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Order of amino acid recruitment into the genetic code resolved by last universal common ancestor's protein domains.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Review
  20. Article

68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Kalin VetsigianDepartment of Physics, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Carl Woese
Nigel Goldenfeld

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A dynamical theory for the evolution of the genetic code is presented, which accounts for its universality and optimality. The central concept is that a variety of collective, but non-Darwinian, mechanisms likely to be present in early communal life generically lead to refinement and selection of innovation-sharing protocols, such as the genetic code. Our proposal is illustrated by using a simplified computer model and placed within the context of a sequence of transitions that early life may have made, before the emergence of vertical descent.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularGenetic CodeGene Transfer, HorizontalModels, GeneticMultigene Family

Identifiers

PMID16818880
PMCPMC1502294

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.