ArticleBlood2006
B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells and other B cells can produce granzyme B and gain cytotoxic potential after interleukin-21-based activation.
Article in Blood, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Granzyme B-expressing regulatory B cells share the same origin as conventional blood B cells.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Immuno-oncological Challenges and Chemoresistance in Veterinary Medicine: Probiotics as a New Strategic Tool.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Development of therapeutic cancer vaccines based on cancer immunity cycle.Frontiers of medicine · 2025Review
- Tumor-infiltrating and circulating B cells mediate local and systemic immunomodulatory mechanisms in Glioblastoma.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2025Review
- Regulatory B cells, the key regulator to induce immune tolerance in organ transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Humoral immune activation within tertiary lymphoid structures is correlated with poor outcomes in oral lichen planus and lichenoid lesions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- The half-century odyssey of regulatory B cells: from Breg discovery to emerging frontiers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The Role of Regulatory B Lymphocytes in Allergic Diseases.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Article
- Granzyme B+ B cells detected by single-cell sequencing are associated with prognosis in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma following liver transplantation.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2024Article
- Review
- Impaired regulatory function of granzyme B-producing B cells against T cell inflammatory responses in lupus mice.Lupus science & medicine · 2023Article
- JAK-STAT signalling shapes the NF-κB response in CLL towards venetoclax sensitivity or resistance via Bcl-XL.Molecular oncology · 2023Article
- Human granzyme B regulatory B cells prevent effector CD4+CD25- T cell proliferation through a mechanism dependent from lymphotoxin alpha.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate is a potent enhancer of B cells with a granzyme BFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Review
- B-Cell-Based Immunotherapy: A Promising New Alternative.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Molecular Mechanisms Driving IL-10- Producing B Cells Functions: STAT3 and c-MAF as Underestimated Central Key Regulators?Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Granzyme B-Producing B Cells Function as a Feedback Loop for T Helper Cells in Liver Transplant Recipients with Acute Rejection.Inflammation · 2021Article
- Histamine in cancer immunology and immunotherapy. Current status and new perspectives.Pharmacology research & perspectives · 2021Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
B cells currently are not viewed as being capable of producing granzyme B or being cytotoxic. We found that B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells treated with interleukin-21 (IL-21) produce low levels of granzyme B. The addition of either CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) or anti-B-cell-receptor antibody (anti-BCR) to IL-21 results in enhanced production of functional granzyme B by B-CLL cells. B-CLL cells treated with IL-21 and CpG ODN undergo apoptosis and are able to induce apoptosis of untreated bystander B-CLL cells. This effect can be inhibited by anti-granzyme B antibody. Benign human B cells, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed lymphoblasts, and many standard lymphoma cell lines produce high levels of granzyme B in response to IL-21 and anti-BCR. Our results suggest that the ability to induce production of functional granzyme B by B cells could open new approaches to the therapy of B-CLL and other B-cell malignancies. Our findings also have significant implications for our understanding of the role of B cells for immune regulation and for a variety of immune phenomena, including cancer immunity, autoimmunity, and infectious immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.