ArticleClinical medicine & research2006
Amoebicidal activity of milk, apo-lactoferrin, sIgA and lysozyme.
Article in Clinical medicine & research, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multifaceted nature of milk: potential source of parasites and a natural approach to parasite infection control.Veterinary research communications · 2026Review
- Low-Iron Bovine Lactoferrin Affects Adhesion, Erythrophagocytosis, Cytotoxicity, and Proteolytic Activity inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Breastfeeding and infant gut microbiota: influence of bioactive components.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Selected Protective Mechanisms of Human Milk Against Intestinal Protozoal Infections in Infants.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- The Multifaceted Functions of Lactoferrin in Antimicrobial Defense and Inflammation.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Effect of linex treatment on IFN-γ and IL-4 in mice infected with Trichinella.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Lactoferrin and Lysozyme Inhibit the Proteolytic Activity and Cytopathic Effect ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Lactoferrin impairs pathogen virulence through its proteolytic activity.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Comparative Study of Camel Milk from Different Areas of Xinjiang Province in China.Food science of animal resources · 2023Article
- Antiparasitic activity of the iron-containing milk protein lactoferrin and its potential derivatives against human intestinal and blood parasites.Frontiers in parasitology · 2023Review
- Activity of Apo-Lactoferrin on Pathogenic Protozoa.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Breast Milk: A Source of Functional Compounds with Potential Application in Nutrition and Therapy.Nutrients · 2021Review
- Lactoferrin and Its Derived Peptides: An Alternative for Combating Virulence Mechanisms Developed by Pathogens.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Lactoferrin, a multi-functional glycoprotein: Active therapeutic, drug nanocarrier & targeting ligand.Biomaterials · 2020Review
- The Impact of Lactoferrin on the Growth of Intestinal Inhabitant Bacteria.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Review
- Article
- Dietary Lysozyme Alters Sow's Gut Microbiota, Serum Immunity and Milk Metabolite Profile.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Epidermal mucus, a major determinant in fish health: a review.Iranian journal of veterinary research · 2018Review
- Lactoferrin: Balancing Ups and Downs of Inflammation Due to Microbial Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Review
- Production of human lactoferrin and lysozyme in the milk of transgenic dairy animals: past, present, and future.Transgenic research · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo identify amoebicidal components in human milk and the effect of iron on the amoebicidal activity.
designInvestigation in axenic cultures of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites.
methodsAmoebas were treated with 5%-20% of human, bovine and swine milk, with 10% of human milk fractions (i.e., casein, proteins except casein and fat) or with 1 mg/ml of human milk apo-lactoferrin, human secretory immunoglobulin type A (sIgA) and chicken egg-white lysozyme (i.e., purified proteins). Milk proteins were detected using immunoblot. Confocal microscopy was used to define the interaction of milk proteins (100 microM each) and amoebas. Experiments were done at least three times in triplicate, and mean and standard deviations were calculated.
resultsHuman and bovine milk were amoebicidal showing a concentration-dependent effect. The amoebicidal effect was increased in the absence of iron. Milk protein fractions, with the exception of casein, were the components responsible for the amoebicidal activity found. Apo-lactoferrin, sIgA and lysozyme were identified in the amoebicidal milk protein fraction. Apo-lactoferrin showed the major amoebicidal effect. These proteins, either alone or in combination, showed a killing effect on the trophozoites. They bound to the amoebic membrane causing cell rounding, lipid disruption and damage.
conclusionsMilk proteins such as apo-lactoferrin, sIgA and lysozyme are able to kill Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites. This study confirms the importance of feeding breast milk to newborns.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.