ArticleJournal of lipid research2006
Pioglitazone induces apoptosis of macrophages in human adipose tissue.
Article in Journal of lipid research, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT00108615. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Insulin Sensitizers in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Omega-3 fatty acids reduce adipose tissue macrophages in human subjects with insulin resistance.Diabetes · 2013Trial
- Matrix metalloproteinase-9 is increased in obese subjects and decreases in response to pioglitazone.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2010Trial
- Association of scavenger receptors in adipose tissue with insulin resistance in nondiabetic humans.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2009Trial
- Perivascular adipose tissue inflammation in abdominal aortic aneurysm: An underrecognized contributor.Journal of biomedical research · 2025Article
- Acetylation of PPARγ in macrophages promotes visceral fat degeneration in obesity.Life metabolism · 2022Article
- CD200 ectodomain shedding into the tumor microenvironment leads to NK cell dysfunction and apoptosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- Parsing the Role of PPARs in Macrophage Processes.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Terminal differentiation into adipocyte and growth inhibition by PPARγ activation in human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells.Animal cells and systems · 2020Article
- Pioglitazone Alters the Proteomes of Normal Bladder Epithelial Cells but Shows No Tumorigenic Effects.International neurourology journal · 2020Article
- Molecular determinants for the polarization of macrophage and osteoclast.Seminars in immunopathology · 2019Review
- Pioglitazone Inhibits Periprostatic White Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Obese Mice.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2018Article
- Macrophage functions in lean and obese adipose tissue.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2017Review
- PPARPPAR research · 2016Review
- Activation of NF-κB drives the enhanced survival of adipose tissue macrophages in an obesogenic environment.Molecular metabolism · 2015Article
- Concise Review: Macrophages: Versatile Gatekeepers During Pancreatic β-Cell Development, Injury, and Regeneration.Stem cells translational medicine · 2015Review
- A decade of progress in adipose tissue macrophage biology.Immunological reviews · 2014Review
- Article
- Increased death of adipose cells, a path to release cell-free DNA into systemic circulation of obese women.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2012Article
- Article
- Pioglitazone suppresses inflammation in vivo in murine carotid atherosclerosis: novel detection by dual-target fluorescence molecular imaging.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with an increased number of macrophage cells that infiltrate white adipose tissue (WAT). Previously, we demonstrated that the treatment of subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonist pioglitazone resulted in a decrease in macrophage number in adipose tissue. Here, adipose tissue samples from IGT subjects treated with pioglitazone were examined for apoptosis with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. TUNEL-positive cells were identified, and there was a significant 42% increase in TUNEL-positive cells following pioglitazone treatment. Overlay experiments with anti-CD68 antibody demonstrated that most of the TUNEL-positive cells were macrophages. To determine whether macrophage apoptosis was a direct or indirect effect of pioglitazone treatment, human THP1 cells were treated with pioglitazone in vitro, demonstrating increased TUNEL staining in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, the appearance of the active proteolytic subunits of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were detected in cell lysate from THP1 cells and also increased in a dose- and time-dependent manner following pioglitazone treatment. Pretreatment with a PPARgamma inhibitor, GW9662, prevented pioglitazone induction of the apoptotic pathway in THP1 cells. Differentiated human adipocytes did not show any significant increase in apoptosis after treatment in vitro with piolgitazone. These findings indicate that PPARgamma has distinct functions in different cell types in WAT, such that pioglitazone reduces macrophage infiltration by inducing apoptotic cell death specifically in macrophages through PPARgamma activation.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.