ArticleMicrobial cell factories2006
Live bacterial vaccines--a review and identification of potential hazards.
Article in Microbial cell factories, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Synthetic biology of oncolytic bacteria: Comparative microbial chassis and precise killing strategies.Toxicology reports · 2026Review
- Design of a live-attenuated bacterial vaccine using effector network engineering.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Review
- Engineering oncolytic bacteria as precision cancer therapeutics: design principles, therapeutic strategies, and translational perspectives.Protein & cell · 2026Review
- Genetically Modified Lactic Acid Bacteria: a Promising Mucosal Delivery Vector for Vaccines.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Microbial Biotechnology in Medicine.Progress in molecular and subcellular biology · 2026Review
- Efficacy of genetically modified Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains and their effect on local and cell-mediated immune responses in pigs.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Bacillus subtilis surface display technology: applications in bioprocessing and sustainable manufacturing.Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2025Review
- Melioidosis vaccines: recent advances and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- An unnatural amino acid dependent, conditional Pseudomonas vaccine prevents bacterial infection.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Engineering Toxoplasma gondii secretion systems for intracellular delivery of multiple large therapeutic proteins to neurons.Nature microbiology · 2024Article
- Mucosal Administration ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- An observational study on the safety of COVID-19 vaccination in patients with myasthenia gravis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2023Observational
- Bacterial Spore-Based Delivery System: 20 Years of a Versatile Approach for Innovative Vaccines.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Construction of live-attenuated Trueperella pyogenes by antibiotic treatment and sequential passage: methods for vaccine development.Archives of microbiology · 2023Article
- Leishmania tarentolae: a vaccine platform to target dendritic cells and a surrogate pathogen for next generation vaccine research in leishmaniases and viral infections.Parasites & vectors · 2023Review
- Engineering live attenuated vaccines: Old dogs learning new tricks.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2023Review
- Hydrogels as promising platforms for engineered living bacteria-mediated therapeutic systems.Materials today. Bio · 2022Article
- A genetic toolkit and gene switches to limit Mycoplasma growth for biosafety applications.Nature communications · 2022Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The use of live bacteria to induce an immune response to itself or to a carried vaccine component is an attractive vaccine strategy. Advantages of live bacterial vaccines include their mimicry of a natural infection, intrinsic adjuvant properties and their possibility to be administered orally. Derivatives of pathogenic and non-pathogenic food related bacteria are currently being evaluated as live vaccines. However, pathogenic bacteria demands for attenuation to weaken its virulence. The use of bacteria as vaccine delivery vehicles implies construction of recombinant strains that contain the gene cassette encoding the antigen. With the increased knowledge of mucosal immunity and the availability of genetic tools for heterologous gene expression the concept of live vaccine vehicles gains renewed interest. However, administration of live bacterial vaccines poses some risks. In addition, vaccination using recombinant bacteria results in the release of live recombinant organisms into nature. This places these vaccines in the debate on application of genetically modified organisms. In this review we give an overview of live bacterial vaccines on the market and describe the development of new live vaccines with a focus on attenuated bacteria and food-related lactic acid bacteria. Furthermore, we outline the safety concerns and identify the hazards associated with live bacterial vaccines and try to give some suggestions of what to consider during their development.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.