ReviewThe AAPS journal2006
Role of morphine's metabolites in analgesia: concepts and controversies.
Review in The AAPS journal, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Opioids for cancer pain - an overview of Cochrane reviews.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Codeine, alone and with paracetamol (acetaminophen), for cancer pain.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2014Pooled it
- Opioid Use in Cancer Pain Management: Navigating the Line Between Relief and Addiction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A Retrospective Cohort Study on the Side Effects of Intrathecal Morphine Administration Combined with General Anaesthesia Versus General Anaesthesia Alone in Prostatectomy Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of the Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Cannabidiol Against UGT2B7-Mediated Morphine Metabolism Using Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Cannabinoid-Induced Inhibition of Morphine Glucuronidation and the Potential for In Vivo Drug-Drug Interactions.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Hydrocodone, Oxycodone, and Morphine Metabolism and Drug-Drug Interactions.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2023Review
- Pharmacogenetic Analysis Enables Optimization of Pain Therapy: A Case Report of Ineffective Oxycodone Therapy.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- The Role of Pharmacogenomics in Opioid Prescribing.Current treatment options in oncology · 2022Review
- Synthesis of the Mechanisms of Opioid Tolerance: Do We Still Say NO?Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2021Review
- Impact of sex on pain and opioid analgesia: a review.Current opinion in behavioral sciences · 2018Article
- Sex-dependent influences of morphine and its metabolites on pain sensitivity in the rat.Physiology & behavior · 2018Article
- Inhibition of endocannabinoid metabolism by the metabolites of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen.PloS one · 2014Article
- Metabolic transformation of antitumor acridinone C-1305 but not C-1311 via selective cellular expression of UGT1A10 increases cytotoxic response: implications for clinical use.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2013Article
- Characteristics of distribution of morphine and metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma with chronic intrathecal morphine infusion in humans.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2012Article
- Natural prenylated resveratrol analogs arachidin-1 and -3 demonstrate improved glucuronidation profiles and have affinity for cannabinoid receptors.Xenobiotica; the fate of foreign compounds in biological systems · 2012Article
- The effect of therapeutic hypothermia on drug metabolism and response: cellular mechanisms to organ function.Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology · 2011Review
- Patterns of unexpected in-hospital deaths: a root cause analysis.Patient safety in surgery · 2011Article
- Tapentadol immediate release: a new treatment option for acute pain management.Journal of pain research · 2010Article
- Characterization of human hepatic and extrahepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes involved in the metabolism of classic cannabinoids.Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The metabolites of morphine, morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) and morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G), have been extensively studied for their contribution to clinical effects following administration of morphine. Those contributions to both the desired effect (ie, analgesia) and the undesired effects (eg, nausea, respiratory depression) are the subject of clinical controversy. Much attention and effort have been directed at investigating the properties of M6G because of interest in this substance as a possible substitute for morphine. It exhibits increased potency and the possibility of a better side effect profile compared with morphine, although the reported relative benefits vary widely. M3G is not analgesic, but its role in producing side effects, including the development of clinical tolerance, has been proposed. This review is focused on M6G and the factors that contribute to its clinical utility. The formation and distribution of M6G are presented, as are the analgesic effect and the onset of this effect. The impact of genetics, age, and gender on M6G and its effects is also reviewed.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.