ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2006
Fumaric acid esters are effective in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and suppress macrophage infiltration.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 123 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
123 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 271 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dimethyl fumarate for multiple sclerosis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Effects of delayed-release dimethyl fumarate on MRI measures in the phase 3 CONFIRM study.Neurology · 2015Trial
- BG-12 reduces evolution of new enhancing lesions to T1-hypointense lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2011Trial
- Dual role of microglia in glaucoma: Regulation of neuroinflammation and neuroregeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Article
- Significant Suppression of Multiple Sclerosis in the Mouse EAE Model Using the PrC-210 Aminothiol.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Nrf2-Independent Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Dimethyl Fumarate: Challenges and Prospects in Developing Electrophilic Nrf2 Activators for Neurodegenerative Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Dimethyl Fumarate, Monomethyl Fumarate, and Cannabidiol in Neurons and Microglia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Effect of dimethyl fumarate on mitochondrial metabolism in a pediatric porcine model of asphyxia-induced in-hospital cardiac arrest.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Beneficial Effect of Fingolimod in a Lafora Disease Mouse Model by Preventing Reactive Astrogliosis-Derived Neuroinflammation and Brain Infiltration of T-lymphocytes.Molecular neurobiology · 2024Article
- Neuroinflammation and Epilepsy: From Pathophysiology to Therapies Based on Repurposing Drugs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neuroprotective effects of rutin against cuprizone-induced multiple sclerosis in mice.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Dimethyl fumarate modulates the regulatory T cell response in the mesenteric lymph nodes of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Dimethyl Fumarate as Potential Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease: Rationale and Clinical Trial Design.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Targeting deoxycytidine kinase improves symptoms in mouse models of multiple sclerosis.Immunology · 2023Article
- Novel potential pharmacological applications of dimethyl fumarate-an overview and update.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Review
- Effects Mediated by Dimethyl Fumarate on In Vitro Oligodendrocytes: Implications in Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Dimethyl fumarate decreases short-term but not long-term inflammation in a focal EAE model of neuroinflammation.EJNMMI research · 2022Article
- Manipulating Macrophage/Microglia Polarization to Treat Glioblastoma or Multiple Sclerosis.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Advantages and limitations of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in breaking down the role of the gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2022Review
63 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fumaric acid esters (FAE) have proven their therapeutic efficacy in psoriasis, a Th1 mediated skin disease. More recently, preliminary data have suggested an activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) as well. To investigate further possible mechanisms of action of these compounds in inflammatory diseases, we studied the FAE methyl hydrogen fumarate (MHF) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by immunization of C57BL/6 mice with MOG peptide aa 35-55. Preventive treatment with these FAE was delivered twice a day by oral gavage. Both esters had a significant therapeutic effect on the disease course and histology showed a strongly reduced macrophage inflammation in the spinal cord. Multiparameter cytokine analysis from blood detected an increase of IL-10 in the treated animals. We conclude that the underlying biological activity of FAE in EAE is complex and, to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, further investigation is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.