Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16791309›Full record

ArticleJournal of athletic training

Issues in estimating risks and rates in sports injury research.

Sarah B Knowles, Stephen W Marshall, Kevin M Guskiewicz

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of athletic training. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 136 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
136citing papers in PubMed, 8 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

136 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
  5. Pooled it
  6. Pooled it
  7. Pooled it
  8. Pooled it
  9. Article
  10. Observational
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. High Injury Incidence Among Youth in the World's Largest Football Tournament.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025
    Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Unintentional injury deaths associated with sport and recreation in Québec, Canada, 2006-2019.Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention · 2024
    Article

76 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Sarah B KnowlesUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. sbknowles@gmail.com
Stephen W Marshall
Kevin M Guskiewicz

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo describe 3 measures of incidence used in sports injury epidemiology.

backgroundTo promote safety in sports, athletic trainers must be able to accurately interpret and apply injury data and statistics. Doing so allows them to more efficiently articulate this information to school administrators in recommending increases in medical resources, such as more personnel, better services, and safer facilities and equipment. DESCRIPTION: Using data from a study of high school sports injuries, we review incidence rates, epidemiologic incidence proportions, and clinical incidence. The incidence rate is the number of injuries divided by the number of athlete-exposures and is based on the epidemiologic concept of person-time at risk. It accounts for variation in exposure between athletes and teams and is widely used by researchers. The epidemiologic incidence proportion is the number of injured athletes divided by the number of athletes at risk. It is a valid estimator of average injury risk, yet it is rarely used in sports injury epidemiology to communicate information about such risks to nonscientists. Clinical incidence is a hybrid between the epidemiologic incidence proportion and the incidence rate in that it uses the number of injuries in the numerator but the number of athletes at risk in the denominator. It has been widely used in research on high school football injury but is neither a valid estimator of risk nor a true rate. ADVANTAGES: Athletic trainers who understand the causes of and risk factors for sport-related injury are better positioned to make safe return-to-play decisions and decrease the likelihood of reinjury in athletes.

Identifiers

PMID16791309
PMCPMC1472638

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.