ArticleBreast cancer research : BCR2006
Keratin 6 is not essential for mammary gland development.
Article in Breast cancer research : BCR, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Advances in Immunocompetent Mouse and Rat Models.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2024Review
- In vivo imaging of mammary epithelial cell dynamics in response to lineage-biased Wnt/β-catenin activation.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Expression of extracellular matrix components in the meibomian gland.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Identification of Critical Pathways and Potential Key Genes in Poorly Differentiated Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma.OncoTargets and therapy · 2021Article
- The Terminal End Bud: the Little Engine that Could.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2017Review
- Gsdma3 is required for mammary gland development in mice.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2017Article
- Keratin 5 overexpression is associated with serous ovarian cancer recurrence and chemotherapy resistance.Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Primary cancer cell culture: mammary-optimized vs conditional reprogramming.Endocrine-related cancer · 2016Article
- PTEN is required to maintain luminal epithelial homeostasis and integrity in the adult mammary gland.Developmental biology · 2016Article
- The active tamoxifen metabolite endoxifen (4OHNDtam) strongly down-regulates cytokeratin 6 (CK6) in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.PloS one · 2015Article
- Aberrant Proliferation of Differentiating Alveolar Cells Induces Hyperplasia in Resting Mammary Glands of SV40-TAg Transgenic Mice.Frontiers in oncology · 2014Article
- Autophagy regulator BECN1 suppresses mammary tumorigenesis driven by WNT1 activation and following parity.Autophagy · 2014Article
- ROCK1 inhibition promotes the self-renewal of a novel mouse mammary cancer stem cell.Stem cells (Dayton, Ohio) · 2013Article
- Progesterone regulation of stem and progenitor cells in normal and malignant breast.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2012Review
- Article
- Keratin 6 expression correlates to areas of squamous differentiation in multiple independent isolates of As(+3)-induced bladder cancer.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2010Article
- Cytokeratin expression during mouse embryonic and early postnatal mammary gland development.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2010Article
- Pygo2 expands mammary progenitor cells by facilitating histone H3 K4 methylation.The Journal of cell biology · 2009Article
- Hedgehog signalling in breast cancer.Carcinogenesis · 2009Review
- Hedgehog signaling, keratin 6 induction, and sebaceous gland morphogenesis: implications for pachyonychia congenita and related conditions.The American journal of pathology · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
introductionKeratin 6 (K6) has previously been identified as a marker of early mammary gland development and has also been proposed to be a marker of mammary gland progenitor cells. However, the function of K6 in the mammary gland was not known, so we examined the expression pattern of the protein during both embryonic and postnatal mammary development, as well as the mammary gland phenotype of mice that were null for both K6a and K6b isoforms.
methodImmunostaining was performed to determine the expression pattern of K6a throughout mammary gland development, from the embryonic mammary bud to lactation. Double immunofluorescence was used to co-localize K6 with known markers of mammary gland development. Wild-type and K6ab-null mammary tissues were transplanted into the cleared fat pads of nude mice and the outgrowths were analyzed for morphology by whole-mount staining and for markers of mammary epithelium by immunostaining. Finally, progesterone receptor (PR) and bromodeoxyuridine co-localization was quantified by double immunofluorescence in wild-type and K6ab-null mammary outgrowths.
resultsHere we report that K6 is expressed earlier than described previously, by embryonic day 16.5. K6a is the predominant isoform expressed in the mammary gland, localized in the body cells and luminal epithelial cells but not in the cap cells or myoepithelial cells. Co-localization studies showed that most K6a-positive cells express steroid receptors but do not proliferate. When both the K6a and K6b genes are deleted, mammary gland development appears normal, with similar expression of most molecular markers examined in both the pubertal gland and the mature gland. Loss of K6a and K6b, however, leads to an increase in the number of steroid-receptor-positive cells, and increased co-localization of steroid receptor expression and proliferation was observed.
conclusionAlthough K6a was not essential for mammary gland development, loss of both K6a and K6b resulted in an increase in PR-positive mammary epithelial cells and decreased proliferation after exposure to steroid hormones. There was also increased co-localization of PR and bromodeoxyuridine, suggesting alterations in patterning events important for normal lobuloalveolar development.
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