Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16786033›Full record

ReviewMolecular psychiatry2006

Apolipoprotein E, cholesterol metabolism, diabetes, and the convergence of risk factors for Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease.

I J Martins, E Hone, J K Foster, S I Sünram-Lea, A Gnjec, S J Fuller, D Nolan, S E Gandy, R N Martins

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Molecular psychiatry, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 178 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
178citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
13.3field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

178 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 386 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Pooled it
  4. Obesity and central obesity as risk factors for incident dementia and its subtypes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2008
    Pooled it
  5. Trial
  6. Trial
  7. Article
  8. Kinetic Lipidomics: QuantifyingbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026
    Review
  15. Cardiovascular contributions to dementia: Examining sex differences and female-specific factors.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Review
  16. Diabetic retinopathy and Alzheimer's disease: Convergence of the unfolded protein response in neurodegeneration.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

118 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.

I J MartinsAlzheimer's and Ageing, School of Biomedical and Sports Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.
E Hone
J K Foster
S I Sünram-Lea
A Gnjec
S J Fuller
D Nolan
S E Gandy
R N Martins
Edith Cowan University · AUHollywood Private Hospital · AUJefferson Hospital for Neuroscience · USLancaster University · GBMurdoch University · AUUniversity of Western Australia · AU

Funding

STUDIES OF CHOLINERGIC SYSTEMS AND AMYLOIDOGENESISP01AG010491 · NIA · THOMAS JEFFERSON UNIVERSITY · PI MARTINS, RALPH · 1991 to 2009
$11.1M
NIA NIH HHS P01 AG010491
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

High fat diets and sedentary lifestyles are becoming major concerns for Western countries. They have led to a growing incidence of obesity, dyslipidemia, high blood pressure, and a condition known as the insulin-resistance syndrome or metabolic syndrome. These health conditions are well known to develop along with, or be precursors to atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Recent studies have found that most of these disorders can also be linked to an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To complicate matters, possession of one or more apolipoprotein E epsilon4 (APOE epsilon4) alleles further increases the risk or severity of many of these conditions, including AD. ApoE has roles in cholesterol metabolism and Abeta clearance, both of which are thought to be significant in AD pathogenesis. The apparent inadequacies of ApoE epsilon4 in these roles may explain the increased risk of AD in subjects carrying one or more APOE epsilon4 alleles. This review describes some of the physiological and biochemical changes that the above conditions cause, and how they are related to the risk of AD. A diversity of topics is covered, including cholesterol metabolism, glucose regulation, diabetes, insulin, ApoE function, amyloid precursor protein metabolism, and in particular their relevance to AD. It can be seen that abnormal lipid, cholesterol and glucose metabolism are consistently indicated as central in the pathophysiology, and possibly the pathogenesis of AD. As diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and early AD are becoming more reliable, and as evidence is accumulating that health conditions such as diabetes, obesity, and coronary artery disease are risk factors for AD, appropriate changes to diets and lifestyles will likely reduce AD risk, and also improve the prognosis for people already suffering from such conditions.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseApolipoproteins ECardiovascular DiseasesCholesterolDiabetes MellitusHumansRisk FactorsApolipoproteins ECholesterol

Identifiers

PMID16786033
OpenAlexW2018692335

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.