ArticleBMC microbiology2006
Effects of disrupting the polyketide synthase gene WdPKS1 in Wangiella [Exophiala] dermatitidis on melanin production and resistance to killing by antifungal compounds, enzymatic degradation, and extremes in temperature.
Article in BMC microbiology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
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- Water-soluble Cordyceps melanin: a photoprotector that enhances the survival of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium acridum conidia under UV-B radiation.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Article
- Genetic analysis of pigment production in the fungus Exophiala dermatitidis mutant strains obtained via nontargeted UV mutagenesis.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2025Article
- Polyextremotolerant, opportunistic, and melanin-driven resilient black yeast Exophiala dermatitidis in environmental and clinical contexts.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Regulation of melanin production in fungi.Frontiers in fungal biology · 2025Review
- The Metabolic Potential of the Human Lung Microbiome.Microorganisms · 2024Article
- The Enigmatic World of Fungal Melanin: A Comprehensive Review.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- In host evolution of Exophiala dermatitidis in cystic fibrosis lung micro-environment.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- Characterization of a novel polyextremotolerant fungus, Exophiala viscosa, with insights into its melanin regulation and ecological niche.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Article
- Reduced Survival and Resistance of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa Following Inhibition of Pigment Production by Naftifine.Current microbiology · 2023Article
- Deciphering the Role of PIG1 and DHN-Melanin inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Melanin protects Cryptococcus neoformans from spaceflight effects.Environmental microbiology reports · 2022Article
- The power of the smallest: The inhibitory activity of microbial volatile organic compounds against phytopathogens.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Biological activities of melanin pigment extracted from Bombyx mori gut-associated yeast Cryptococcus rajasthanensis KY627764.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2020Article
- Proteomics Reveals Distinct Changes Associated with Increased Gamma Radiation Resistance in the Black YeastGenes · 2020Article
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- Comparative Genomic Analysis of Capsule-Producing Black YeastsFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Genomic Understanding of an Infectious Brain Disease from the Desert.G3 (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWangiella dermatitidis is a human pathogenic fungus that is an etiologic agent of phaeohyphomycosis. W. dermatitidis produces a black pigment that has been identified as a dihydroxynaphthalene melanin and the production of this pigment is associated with its virulence. Cell wall pigmentation in W. dermatitidis depends on the WdPKS1 gene, which encodes a polyketide synthase required for generating the key precursor for dihydroxynaphthalene melanin biosynthesis.
resultsWe analyzed the effects of disrupting WdPKS1 on dihydroxynaphthalene melanin production and resistance to antifungal compounds. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that wdpks1Delta-1 yeast had thinner cell walls that lacked an electron-opaque layer compared to wild-type cells. However, digestion of the wdpks1Delta-1 yeast revealed small black particles that were consistent with a melanin-like compound, because they were acid-resistant, reacted with melanin-binding antibody, and demonstrated a free radical signature by electron spin resonance analysis. Despite lacking the WdPKS1 gene, the mutant yeast were capable of catalyzing the formation of melanin from L-3,4-dihyroxyphenylalanine. The wdpks1Delta-1 cells were significantly more susceptible to killing by voriconazole, amphotericin B, NP-1 [a microbicidal peptide], heat and cold, and lysing enzymes than the heavily melanized parental or complemented strains.
conclusionIn summary, W. dermatitidis makes WdPKS-dependent and -independent melanins, and the WdPKS1-dependent deposition of melanin in the cell wall confers protection against antifungal agents and environmental stresses. The biological role of the WdPKS-independent melanin remains unclear.
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