ArticleSchizophrenia bulletin2006
Clozapine use and relapses of substance use disorder among patients with co-occurring schizophrenia and substance use disorders.
Article in Schizophrenia bulletin, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Substance Use Disorder Treatment Outcomes: Methodological Overview of Metrics and Criteria.International journal of methods in psychiatric research · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of clozapine treatment on the improvement of substance use disorders other than nicotine in individuals with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Clozapine as a first- or second-line treatment in schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica · 2018Pooled it
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to assess the efficacy of quetiapine fumarate XR in very heavy-drinking alcohol-dependent patients.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2012Trial
- Olanzapine vs. risperidone in patients with first-episode schizophrenia and a lifetime history of cannabis use disorders: 16-week clinical and substance use outcomes.Psychiatry research · 2011Trial
- Clozapine prescribing in Germany: temporal trends and regional variations, 2012-2022.Schizophrenia (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Preliminary Evidence on the Efficacy and Tolerability of Quetiapine in Dual Disorders: A Prospective, Multicentric, Real-World Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Adult psychiatrists' views on clozapine prescribing for schizophrenia in Germany-an online survey.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Antipsychotic Potential of Opioids: Rethinking Substance-Induced Psychosis and Treatment Stratification.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Antipsychotic Use and Psychiatric Hospitalization in First-Episode Non-affective Psychosis and Cannabis Use Disorder: A Swedish Nationwide Cohort Study.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2024Article
- Review
- Investigating the Effectiveness of Brexpiprazole in Subjects with Schizophrenia Spectrum Illness and Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder: A Prospective, Multicentric, Real-World Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Rethinking Clozapine: Lights and Shadows of a Revolutionary Drug.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Co-medication with disulfiram markedly increased serum clozapine levels: Two case reports.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Second to none: rationale, timing, and clinical management of clozapine use in schizophrenia.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2023Review
- Cannabis use, self-perceived risk, perceived peer approval and parental attitudes among youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis.Early intervention in psychiatry · 2022Article
- Off-label and investigational drugs in the treatment of alcohol use disorder: A critical review.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- A mechanistic overview of approaches for the treatment of psychostimulant dependence.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Focus on Clozapine Withdrawal- and Misuse-Related Cases as Reported to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) Pharmacovigilance Database.Brain sciences · 2020Article
- Substance-induced Psychosis in Youth.Child and adolescent psychiatric clinics of North America · 2020Review
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5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrevious correlational research with schizophrenic patients has suggested that the second-generation antipsychotic medication clozapine helps to induce remissions of substance use disorder in patients with co-occurring psychosis and substance abuse. This research, however, could be biased by selection factors. Studying patients who are currently in substance abuse remission could control for level of motivation to stop using substances and other methodological confounds.
methodsTo test whether clozapine was associated with prevention of substance abuse relapses, we examined patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who were in their first 6-month remission of substance use disorder during a prospective 10-year follow-up study. All patients received yearly multimodal assessments of substance use. Antipsychotic medications were prescribed by community doctors as part of usual clinical care.
resultsPatients using clozapine at the first 6-month period of substance abuse remission (n = 25) were much less likely to relapse over the next year compared with those on other antipsychotic medications (n = 70): 8.0% vs 40.0%, chi(2) = 8.73 (df = 1), P = .003. Although medication assignment was not randomized, several potential confounders were similar between the groups.
conclusionClozapine should be considered for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia and co-occurring substance use disorder to prevent relapses to substance abuse.
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