Evidence map›Paper›PMID 16782722›Full record

ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2006

Perinatal mortality and congenital anomalies in babies of women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland: population based study.

Mary C M Macintosh, Kate M Fleming, Jaron A Bailey, Pat Doyle, Jo Modder, Dominique Acolet, Shona Golightly, Alison Miller

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06064669 (Effect of Metformin on Healthy Live Birth After In-vitro Fertilization in Women With Prediabetes Mellitus), which is not on this map. Cited by 190 papers, 14 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
190citing papers in PubMed, 14 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06064669 narecruitingstarted 2024, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Metformin on Healthy Live Birth After In-vitro Fertilization in Women With Prediabetes Mellitus: a Multicenter Double-blind Placebo Controlled Randomized Trial

Ran2024Enrolled988Registered outcomes26Posted comparisons0ConditionsIn-Vitro Fertilization, Metformin, PrediabetesArmsMetformin pretreatment before endometrial preparation for frozen embryo transfer, Metformin pretreatment before ovarian stimulation, Placebo pretreatment before endometrial preparation for frozen embryo transfer, Placebo pretreatment before ovarian stimulation
PMID 34281467PMID 25945500PMID 29045765PMID 18826999PMID 11832527PMID 36720508PMID 10920111PMID 11333990PMID 15117896PMID 15797965PMID 17350747PMID 17980878other papers from this trial
Open the trial in the graph
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

190 citing papers in PubMed, 14 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  18. A randomized trial comparing perinatal outcomes using insulin detemir or neutral protamine Hagedorn in type 1 diabetes.The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2014
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130 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mary C M MacintoshConfidential Enquiry into Maternal and Child Health, London NW1 5SD. mary.macintosh@hpa.org.uk
Kate M Fleming
Jaron A Bailey
Pat Doyle
Jo Modder
Dominique Acolet
Shona Golightly
Alison Miller

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo provide perinatal mortality and congenital anomaly rates for babies born to women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

designNational population based pregnancy cohort.

setting231 maternity units in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland.

participants2359 pregnancies to women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes who delivered between 1 March 2002 and 28 February 2003.

main outcome measuresStillbirth rates; perinatal and neonatal mortality; prevalence of congenital anomalies.

resultsOf 2359 women with diabetes, 652 had type 2 diabetes and 1707 had type 1 diabetes. Women with type 2 diabetes were more likely to come from a Black, Asian, or other ethnic minority group (type 2, 48.8%; type 1, 9.1%) and from a deprived area (type 2, 46.3% in most deprived fifth; type 1, 22.8%). Perinatal mortality in babies of women with diabetes was 31.8/1000 births. Perinatal mortality was comparable in babies of women with type 1 (31.7/1000 births) and type 2 diabetes (32.3/1000) and was nearly four times higher than that in the general maternity population. 141 major congenital anomalies were confirmed in 109 offspring. The prevalence of major congenital anomaly was 46/1000 births in women with diabetes (48/1000 births for type 1 diabetes; 43/1000 for type 2 diabetes), more than double that expected. This increase was driven by anomalies of the nervous system, notably neural tube defects (4.2-fold), and congenital heart disease (3.4-fold). Anomalies in 71/109 (65%) offspring were diagnosed antenatally. Congenital heart disease was diagnosed antenatally in 23/42 (54.8%) offspring; anomalies other than congenital heart disease were diagnosed antenatally in 48/67 (71.6%) offspring.

conclusionPerinatal mortality and prevalence of congenital anomalies are high in the babies of women with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. The rates do not seem to differ between the two types of diabetes.

Indexed as

AdolescentAdultAge of OnsetChildCongenital AbnormalitiesDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGestational AgeHumansInfant MortalityInfant, NewbornPovertyPregnancyPregnancy in DiabeticsPregnancy Outcome

Identifiers

PMID16782722
PMCPMC1513435

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.