ArticlePharmaceutical research2006
Comparison of skin esterase activities from different species.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Soft drugs: design principles and topical applications.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Multi-step biocatalytic strategy to produce a library of original xylosides with various ester functions for cosmetic applications.RSC advances · 2026Article
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- Physico-chemistry and Cytotoxicity of Tenofovir-Loaded Acid Phosphatase-Responsive Chitosan Nanoparticles.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2023Article
- Pharmacokinetics of Long-Acting Aqueous Nano-/Microsuspensions After Intramuscular Administration in Different Animal Species and Humans-a Review.The AAPS journal · 2022Review
- Urinary parabens and breast cancer risk: Modification by LINE-1 and LUMA global DNA methylation, and associations with breast cancer defined by tumor promoter methylation status.Molecular carcinogenesis · 2022Article
- Development of Sesamol Carbamate-L-Phenylalanine Prodrug Targeting L-Type Amino Acid Transporter1 (LAT1) as a Potential Antiproliferative Agent against Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Enhancement of ibuprofen solubility and skin permeation by conjugation with l-valine alkyl esters.RSC advances · 2020Article
- Prodrugs for Skin Delivery of Menahydroquinone-4, an Active Form of Vitamin KInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- Comparison of the metabolism of 10 chemicals in human and pig skin explants.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2019Article
- Xenobiotica-metabolizing enzymes in the skin of rat, mouse, pig, guinea pig, man, and in human skin models.Archives of toxicology · 2018Review
- Article
- Differential effects on adiposity and serum marker of bone formation by post-weaning exposure to methylparaben and butylparaben.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2016Article
- A carboxylesterase-selective ratiometric fluorescent two-photon probe and its application to hepatocytes and liver tissues.Chemical science · 2016Article
- Esterase Activity and Intracellular Localization in Reconstructed Human Epidermal Cultured Skin Models.Annals of dermatology · 2015Article
- Xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in the skin of rat, mouse, pig, guinea pig, man, and in human skin models.Archives of toxicology · 2014Review
- Optimization of naltrexone diclofenac codrugs for sustained drug delivery across microneedle-treated skin.Pharmaceutical research · 2014Article
- Iontophoresis-facilitated delivery of prednisolone through throat skin to the trachea after topical application of its succinate salt.Pharmaceutical research · 2011Article
- Urinary concentrations of four parabens in the U.S. population: NHANES 2005-2006.Environmental health perspectives · 2010Article
- Dimethylamino acid esters as biodegradable and reversible transdermal permeation enhancers: effects of linking chain length, chirality and polyfluorination.Pharmaceutical research · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeMany topically applied drugs contain esters that are hydrolyzed in the skin. Minipigs have emerged as potential models of human dermatology and, in some aspects, may be superior to commonly used rat skin. The aims of this study were to evaluate the suitability of minipig and rat skin as in vitro models of human epidermal esterase activity.
methodsNaphthyl acetate and para-nitrophenyl acetate were tested as prototypical substrates of carboxylesterases from skin, plasma, and liver. Reaction products were monitored by high-performance liquid chromatography/ultraviolet analysis.
resultsHydrolysis efficiency in skin was higher than plasma, but lower than liver. The esterase efficiency of rat skin microsomes (580-1100 min(-1) mg(-1)) was two to three orders of magnitude higher than human (1.3-4.2 min(-1) mg(-1)) and minipig microsomes (1.2-4.2 min(-1) mg(-1)). Rat skin cytosol (80-100 min(-1) mg(-1)) was 2- to 10-fold more efficient than human (2.4-67 min(-1) mg(-1)) or minipig cytosol (18-61 min(-1) mg(-1)). Most importantly, human skin fractions displayed kinetics of hydrolysis very similar to minipig skin.
conclusionsThese studies show minipig skin as an appropriate, potentially valuable model for human epidermal ester metabolism and support the use of minipig skin in preclinical development of topically applied compounds.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.