ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006
A DNA insulator prevents repression of a targeted X-linked transgene but not its random or imprinted X inactivation.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
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Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Escape from X-chromosome inactivation: from gene discovery to regulatory mechanisms.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Escape from X-chromosome inactivation at KDM5C is driven by promoter-proximal DNA elements and enhanced by domain context.Human molecular genetics · 2025Article
- Review
- Refining the genomic determinants underlying escape from X-chromosome inactivation.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2023Article
- Actomyosin-mediated cellular tension promotes Yap nuclear translocation and myocardial proliferation through α5 integrin signaling.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2023Article
- Dual Cre and Dre recombinases mediate synchronized lineage tracing and cell subset ablation in vivo.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2022Article
- BAF complex-mediated chromatin relaxation is required for establishment of X chromosome inactivation.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Cav1.4 dysfunction and congenital stationary night blindness type 2.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2021Review
- A New Transgenic Mouse Line for Imaging Mitochondrial Calcium Signals.Function (Oxford, England) · 2021Article
- Human cis-acting elements regulating escape from X-chromosome inactivation function in mouse.Human molecular genetics · 2018Article
- Review
- X chromosome inactivation: new players in the initiation of gene silencing.F1000Research · 2017Review
- Reporter Gene Silencing in Targeted Mouse Mutants Is Associated with Promoter CpG Island Methylation.PloS one · 2015Article
- Spread of X-chromosome inactivation into autosomal sequences: role for DNA elements, chromatin features and chromosomal domains.Human molecular genetics · 2014Article
- Cellular resolution maps of X chromosome inactivation: implications for neural development, function, and disease.Neuron · 2014Article
- Lineage-specific regulation of imprinted X inactivation in extraembryonic endoderm stem cells.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2014Article
- Efficient ROSA26-based conditional and/or inducible transgenesis using RMCE-compatible F1 hybrid mouse embryonic stem cells.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2013Article
- Deletion of an X-inactivation boundary disrupts adjacent gene silencing.PLoS genetics · 2013Article
- Article
- Developing genetically engineered mouse models to study tumor suppression.Current protocols in mouse biology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Some genes on the inactive X chromosome escape silencing. One possible escape mechanism is that heterochromatization during X inactivation can be blocked by boundary elements. DNA insulators are candidates for blocking because they shield genes from influences of their chromosomal environment. To test whether DNA insulators can act as boundaries on the X chromosome, we inserted into the mouse X-linked Hprt locus a GFP transgene flanked with zero, one, or two copies of a prototypic vertebrate insulator from the chicken beta-globin locus, chicken hypersensitive site 4, which contains CCCTC binding factor binding sites. On the active X chromosome the insulators blocked repression of the transgene, which commences during early development and persists in adults, in a copy number-dependent manner. CpG methylation of the transgene correlated inversely with expression, but the insulators on the active X chromosome were not methylated. On the inactive X chromosome, insulators did not block random or imprinted X inactivation of the transgene, and both the insulator and transgene were almost completely methylated. Thus, the chicken hypersensitive site 4 DNA insulator is sufficient to protect an X-linked gene from repression during development but not from X inactivation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.