ArticlePediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany)2006
Clinical course of 735 children and adolescents with primary vesicoureteral reflux.
Article in Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany), 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- A novel clinical score to predict breakthrough urinary tract infection in children with VUR: meta-analytic derivation and real-world validation.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Pooled it
- Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for management of urinary tract infection and primary vesicoureteric reflux.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2024Guideline
- An Atlas of Nomograms, Scoring Systems, and Predictive Tools to Guide Investigation or Management in Patients with Suspected or Confirmed Vesicoureteral Reflux: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Adult Vesicoureteral Reflux Diagnosed and Managed Using Video-Urodynamics.IJU case reports · 2026Article
- Urinary C-megalin for screening of renal scarring in children after febrile urinary tract infection.Pediatric research · 2018Article
- Urinary tract infection in small children: the evolution of renal damage over time.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2017Article
- Voiding cystourethrogram: How much should we be selective?Turkish journal of urology · 2017Article
- Genetic Variations in Vesicoureteral Reflux Sequelae.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2016Review
- Article
- The association of adult kidney size with childhood vesicoureteral reflux.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2013Article
- Clinical course of 822 children with prenatally detected nephrouropathies.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2012Article
- Patients with a history of infection and voiding dysfunction are at risk for recurrence after successful endoscopic treatment of vesico ureteral reflux and deserve long-term follow up.Urology annals · 2012Article
- Primary, nonsyndromic vesicoureteric reflux and nephropathy in sibling pairs: a United Kingdom cohort for a DNA bank.Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN · 2011Article
- Adherence to antibiotic prophylaxis in children with vesicoureteral reflux.Advances in urology · 2011Article
- Controversies in the management of vesicoureteral reflux: the rationale for the RIVUR study.Journal of pediatric urology · 2009Review
- Mutations in the ROBO2 and SLIT2 genes are rare causes of familial vesico-ureteral reflux.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2009Article
- Predictors of renal scar in children with urinary infection and vesicoureteral reflux.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2008Article
- Clinical outcome of children with chronic kidney disease in a pre-dialysis interdisciplinary program.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2008Article
- Antibiotic prophylaxis for children with primary vesicoureteral reflux: where do we stand today?Advances in urology · 2008Article
- Vesicoureteral reflux, reflux nephropathy, and end-stage renal disease.Advances in urology · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to report the clinical course of children with primary vesicoureteral reflux (VUR). Between 1970 and 2004, 735 patients were diagnosed with VUR and were systematically followed in a single tertiary renal unit. Patients were followed up for a mean time of 76 months (6 months to 411 months). The events of interest were reflux resolution, renal damage, urinary tract infection (UTI), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and hypertension. Survival analysis was performed in order to evaluate reflux resolution and CKD. Renal damage was detected at admission in 319 patients (43.4%). Continuous low-dose antibiotic prophylaxis was administered to 624 patients (91.2%); 499 (73%) patients subsequently had no UTI or fewer than three episodes. The median time of persistence of reflux according to Kaplan-Meier analysis was 38 months for grade I/II [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 33-43], 98 months for grade III (95% CI, 78.5-105), and 156 months for grade IV/V (95% CI, 122-189). Twenty patients (3%) developed hypertension. It was estimated that the probability of CKD was 5% at 10 years after diagnosis of VUR; for children diagnosed after 1990 the probability of CKD was only 2%. Renal function impairment occurred in patients with severe bilateral reflux or in patients with contralateral renal hypoplasia. There has been an improvement of prognosis for patients diagnosed in the past 15 years.
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