ArticleImmunology2006
Dependence on p38 MAPK signalling in the up-regulation of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 gene expression in Trichomonas vaginalis-treated HeLa cells.
Article in Immunology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alginate oligosaccharide indirectly affects toll-like receptor signaling via the inhibition of microRNA-29b in aneurysm patients after endovascular aortic repair.Drug design, development and therapy · 2017Trial
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- Trichomonas vaginalis extracellular vesicles activate the NLRP3 inflammasome and TLR3-mediated inflammatory cascades in host cells.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- The molecular mechanism of acute liver injury and inflammatory response induced by Concanavalin A.Molecular biomedicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Trichomonas vaginalis Induces NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Pyroptotic Cell Death in Human Macrophages.Journal of innate immunity · 2019Article
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs) or genital tract infections (GTIs)? It's the diagnostics that count.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2019Review
- Immunopathology of Recurrent Vulvovaginal Infections: New Aspects and Research Directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Toll-like receptor 9 activation by CpG oligodeoxynucleotide 7909 enhances the radiosensitivity of A549 lung cancer cells via the p53 signaling pathway.Oncology letters · 2018Article
- Article
- Article
- Strategies for Prevention and Treatment of Trichomonas vaginalis Infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2017Review
- Activation of MAPK Is Required for ROS Generation and Exocytosis in HMC-1 Cells Induced by Trichomonas vaginalis-Derived Secretory Products.The Korean journal of parasitology · 2015Article
- Biological roles of cysteine proteinases in the pathogenesis of Trichomonas vaginalis.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2014Review
- Whole Genome Expression Profiling and Signal Pathway Screening of MSCs in Ankylosing Spondylitis.Stem cells international · 2014Article
- Article
- Minor introns are embedded molecular switches regulated by highly unstable U6atac snRNA.eLife · 2013Article
- IL-10 release by bovine epithelial cells cultured with Trichomonas vaginalis and Tritrichomonas foetus.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2013Article
- Differential Effect of Lactobacillus johnsonii BFE 6128 on Expression of Genes Related to TLR Pathways and Innate Immunity in Intestinal Epithelial Cells.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2010Article
- Modulation of dendritic cell responses by parasites: a common strategy to survive.Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology · 2010Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) synthesized by micro-organisms. Despite the essential requirement for TLRs in prokaryotic infection, the pattern and regulation of TLR gene expression by Trichomonas vaginalis in the mucocutaneous barrier are still unknown. Our hypothesis is that T. vaginalis-infected epithelial cells are major effector cells in the skin barrier. These cells function as a central regulator of TLR gene expression, thus accelerating the process of barrier dysfunction via increased release of chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines. To test this hypothesis, RT-PCR was performed on TLRs, interleukin (IL)-8 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Stimulation of HeLa cells by T. vaginalis was observed to up-regulate TLR2, 4 and 9 mRNA expression as well as that of IL-8 and TNF-alpha. To further clarify the molecular mechanism of barrier devastation triggered by these up-regulatory stimuli, we examined the profiles of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB activation in HeLa cells using specific inhibitors. Interestingly, pretreatment of HeLa cells with the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 demonstrated inhibition of T. vaginalis-induced up-regulation of TLR2, 4, and 9 mRNA expression. By contrast, inhibition of ERK or NF-kappaB activation failed to block T. vaginalis-induced up-regulation of TLR9 mRNA expression or TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA expression, respectively. In addition, pretreatment with SB203580 reduced epithelium-derived IL-8 and TNF-alpha release evoked by T. vaginalis. Our results show that T. vaginalis infection of the mucocutaneous barrier could up-regulate TLR2, 4 and 9 gene expression via the p38 MAPK signalling pathway in epithelial cells; this process then leads to modulation of p38 MAPK-dependent IL-8 and TNF-alpha release from the epithelium.
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