ArticleImmunology2006
Lipopolysaccharide induces CXCL2/macrophage inflammatory protein-2 gene expression in enterocytes via NF-kappaB activation: independence from endogenous TNF-alpha and platelet-activating factor.
Article in Immunology, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endocytoscopic Classification Is Associated with Mucosal miR-192-5p Downregulation and CXCL2 Expression in Ulcerative Colitis: An Exploratory Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Hepatic and intestinal microcirculation and pulmonary inflammation in a model of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in the rat.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2026Article
- Adrenal Gland Macrophage-derived TGF-β Governs Vascular Permeability to Drive Monocyte Recruitment during Stress.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Age-Dependent Resident Myonuclear Multi-Omic Response to an Acute Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophic Stimulus in Mice.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The Age-Dependent Resident Myonuclear Multi-Omic Response to a Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophic Stimulus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The role of sea buckthorn in skin and mucosal health: a review from an anti-inflammatory perspective.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- Using Hybrid Nanoplatforms to Combine Traditional Anti-Inflammatory Drug Delivery with RNA-Based Therapeutics for Macrophage Reprograming.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Multiset multicover methods for discriminative marker selection.Cell reports methods · 2022Article
- Differential gene expression profiles of periodontal soft tissue from rat teeth after immediate and delayed replantation: a pilot study.Journal of periodontal & implant science · 2022Article
- Developmental and sexual dimorphic atlas of the prenatal mouse external genitalia at the single-cell level.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- CXCL2 Impairs Functions of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Can Serve as a Serum Marker in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Intratumoral injection of caerin 1.1 and 1.9 peptides increases the efficacy of vaccinated TC-1 tumor-bearing mice with PD-1 blockade by modulating macrophage heterogeneity and the activation of CD8Clinical & translational immunology · 2021Article
- Conditions Mimicking the Cancer Microenvironment Modulate the Functional Outcome of Human Chorionic Villus Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal CellsFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Hepatocyte CREBH deficiency aggravates inflammatory liver injury following chemokine-dependent neutrophil infiltration through upregulation of NF-κB p65 in mice.Archives of toxicology · 2020Article
- VISTA Re-programs Macrophage Biology Through the Combined Regulation of Tolerance and Anti-inflammatory Pathways.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Cancer Conditioned Medium Modulates Functional and Phenotypic Properties of HumanTissue engineering and regenerative medicine · 2019Article
- Pseudoginsenoside-F11 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Suppressing Neutrophil Infiltration and Accelerating Neutrophil Clearance.Inflammation · 2019Article
- Hyperglycemia acts in synergy with hypoxia to maintain the pro-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages.PloS one · 2019Article
- Pharmacological activation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling inhibits colitis-associated cancer in mice.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- An integrative approach using real-world data to identify alternative therapeutic uses of existing drugs.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
CXCL2 (macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2)), a critical chemokine for neutrophils, has been shown to be produced in the rat intestine in response to platelet-activating factor (PAF) and to mediate intestinal inflammation and injury. The intestinal epithelium, constantly exposed to bacterial products, is the first line of defence against micro-organisms. It has been reported that enterocytes produce proinflammatory mediators, including tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and PAF, and we showed that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNF activate nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB in enterocytes. However, it remains elusive whether enterocytes release CXCL2 in response to LPS and TNF via a NF-kappaB-dependent pathway and whether this involves the endogenous production of TNF and PAF. In this study, we found that TNF and LPS markedly induced CXCL2 gene expression in IEC-6 cells, TNF within 30 min, peaking at 45 min, while LPS more slowly, peaking after 2 hr. TNF- and LPS- induced CXCL2 gene expression and protein release were completely blocked by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) and helenalin, two potent NF-kappaB inhibitors. NEMO-binding domain peptide, a specific inhibitor of inhibitor protein kappaB kinase (IKK) activation, a major upstream kinase mediating NF-kappaB activation, significantly blocked CXCL2 gene expression and protein release induced by LPS. WEB2170 (PAF antagonist) and anti-TNF antibodies had no effect on LPS-induced CXCL2 expression. In conclusion, CXCL2 gene is expressed in enterocytes in response to both TNF and LPS. LPS-induced CXCL2 expression is dependent on NF-kappaB activation via the IKK pathway. The effect of LPS is independent of endogenous TNF and PAF.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.