ReviewNature reviews. Drug discovery2006
Therapeutic potential of Toll-like receptor 9 activation.
Review in Nature reviews. Drug discovery, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 483 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
483 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,231 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cell-free DNA as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for adult sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Circulating Nucleic Acids in Maternal Plasma and Serum in Pregnancy Complications: Are They Really Useful in Clinical Practice? A Systematic Review.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2020Pooled it
- Use of Anthrax Vaccine in the United States: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, 2019.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2019Guideline
- TLR9 agonist MGN1703 enhances B cell differentiation and function in lymph nodes.EBioMedicine · 2019Trial
- Sex-based considerations in the choice for a TLR9 or TLR7/8 agonist to arm the sentinel lymph node in early-stage melanoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- CpG-ODN/Coa-ASC16 nanostructured adjuvant platform as a safe and effective alternative in Bothrops diporus antivenom production.Archives of toxicology · 2026Article
- Engineering cuproptosis with nanomedicine: Design, combination therapy, and translation in cancer.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- DNA oligonucleotides block viral entry of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Protective Effect Against Acute Experimental Toxoplasmosis Conferred by Intranasal Immunisation withVaccines · 2026Article
- Intralesional injection of CpG ODNs complexed with glatiramer acetate mitigates systemic cytokine toxicities and synergistically advances checkpoint blockade efficacy.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- The vicious cycle: unraveling the interplay between α-synuclein, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.Journal of neurology · 2026Review
- LNP-based delivery of a Toll-like receptor 9 agonist elicits potent adjuvant effects and antitumor immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Polymer Nanoparticle-Based Photodynamic Therapy Combined with Immunotherapy for Solid Tumor Treatment.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Nanostructured branched Y-DNA promotes antitumor immunity through dual activation of cGAS/STING and TLR9.Archives of pharmacal research · 2026Article
- Stoking an anti-liver cancer immune response with cryoablation plus an intratumoral TLR9 agonist and dual checkpoint inhibitors.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- A decoy oligodeoxynucleotide favors the differentiation of CpG ODN-induced B cells into IL-10-producing Breg-like cells over plasma cells by restoring IRF4/IRF8 imbalance.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2026Article
- New insights into the potential effects of date palm seed powder supplementation on the growth, hemato-biochemical indices, organ histology, and gene expression in Rahmani sheep.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Article
- Enantiomer-dependent and modification-free DNA matrix as an adjuvant for subunit vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 or pneumococcal infections.Nature biomedical engineering · 2025Article
- [Progress in the Immune Mechanism of Microwave Ablation Therapy for Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2025Review
- Cell-selective telomere damage by thiopurine-based oligonucleotide for diffuse large B cell lymphoma immunotherapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2025Article
423 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the decade since the discovery that mouse B cells respond to certain unmethylated CpG dinucleotides in bacterial DNA, a specific receptor for these 'CpG motifs' has been identified, Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), and a new approach to immunotherapy has moved into the clinic based on the use of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) as TLR9 agonists. This review highlights the current understanding of the mechanism of action of these CpG ODN, and provides an overview of the preclinical data and early human clinical trial results using these drugs to improve vaccines and treat cancer, infectious disease and allergy/asthma.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.