ArticlePlanta2006
Two newly identified membrane-associated and plastidic tomato HXKs: characteristics, predicted structure and intracellular localization.
Article in Planta, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 81 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic Analysis of Hexokinase Genes in Foxtail Millet (International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Hexokinase Gene Family Under Abiotic Stress in Tomato.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- GmHXK2 promotes the salt tolerance of soybean seedlings by mediating AsA synthesis, and auxin synthesis and distribution.BMC plant biology · 2024Article
- ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase genes are differentially regulated in sugar-dependent or -independent manners in tomato (Plant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan) · 2023Article
- Structure and Expression Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Genome-Wide Characterization of Soybean Hexokinase Genes Reveals a Positive Role ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Characterization of hexokinase gene family members inFrontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- OsHXK3 encodes a hexokinase-like protein that positively regulates grain size in rice.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2022Article
- Transcriptomics-based analysis of the causes of sugar receding in Feizixiao litchi (Frontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- Prunus Hexokinase 3 genes alter primary C-metabolism and promote drought and salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis transgenic plants.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Identification of the Carbohydrate and Organic Acid Metabolism Genes Responsible for Brix in Tomato Fruit by Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of Hexokinase Genes in Moso Bamboo (Frontiers in plant science · 2020Article
- Isolation and characterization of hexokinase genes PsHXK1 and PsHXK2 from tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews).Molecular biology reports · 2020Article
- Genome-wide screening of hexokinase gene family and functional elucidation of HXK2 response to cold stress in Jatropha curcas.Molecular biology reports · 2019Article
- Biochemical properties and subcellular localization of six members of the HXK family in maize and its metabolic contribution to embryo germination.BMC plant biology · 2019Article
- Article
- Increased activity of MdFRK2, a high-affinity fructokinase, leads to upregulation of sorbitol metabolism and downregulation of sucrose metabolism in apple leaves.Horticulture research · 2018Article
- Targeted gene disruption coupled with metabolic screen approach to uncover the LEAFY COTYLEDON1-LIKE4 (L1L4) function in tomato fruit metabolism.Plant cell reports · 2017Article
- Structure, Expression, and Functional Analysis of the Hexokinase Gene Family in Cassava.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
- Trehalose 6-phosphate signal is closely related to sorbitol in apple (Biology open · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Two new tomato hexokinase genes, LeHXK3 and LeHXK4, were cloned and characterized, placing tomato as the first plant with four characterized HXK genes. Based on their sequence, LeHXK3 is the third membrane-associated (type-B) and LeHXK4 is the first plastidic (type-A) HXK identified in tomato. Expression of HXK-GFP fusion proteins in protoplasts indicated that the LeHxk3 enzyme is associated with the mitochondria while LeHxk4 is localized in plastids. Furthermore, LeHxk4::GFP fusion protein is found within stromules, suggesting transport of LeHxk4 between plastids. Structure prediction of the various plant HXK enzymes suggests that unlike the plastidic HXKs, the predicted membrane-associated HXKs are positively charged near their putative N-terminal membrane anchor domain, which might enhance their association with the negatively charged membranes. LeHxk3 and LeHxk4 were analyzed following expression in yeast. Both enzymes have higher affinity for glucose relative to fructose and are inhibited by ADP. Yet, unlike the other HXKs, the stromal HXK has higher Vmax with glucose than with fructose. Expression analysis of the four HXK genes in tomato tissues demonstrated that LeHXK1 and LeHXK4 are the dominant HXKs in all tissues examined. Notably, the plastidic LeHXK4 is expressed in all tissues including starchless, non-photosynthetic sink tissues, such as pink and red fruits, implying phosphorylation of imported hexoses in plastids. It has been suggested that trehalose 6-phosphate (T6P) might inhibit HXK activity. However, none of the yeast-expressed tomato HXK genes was sensitive either to T6P or to trehalose, suggesting that unlike fungi HXKs, plant HXKs are not regulated by T6P.
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