ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2006
Detection of anthrax toxin in the serum of animals infected with Bacillus anthracis by using engineered immunoassays.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
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Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Development of leptospiral virulence-modifying protein detection assay: implications for pathogenesis and diagnostic test development.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- ERK pathway reactivation prevents anthrax toxin lethality in mice.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
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- Anthrax lethal toxin and tumor necrosis factor-α synergize on intestinal epithelia to induce mouse death.Protein & cell · 2024Article
- Early Circulating Edema Factor in Inhalational Anthrax Infection: Does It Matter?Microorganisms · 2024Article
- Development of a New Cell-Based AP-1 Gene Reporter Potency Assay for Anti-Anthrax Toxin Therapeutics.Toxins · 2023Article
- Comprehensive characterization of toxins during progression of inhalation anthrax in a non-human primate model.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Protein biomarker elucidation for the verification of biological agents in the taxonomic group of Gammaproteobacteria using tandem mass spectrometry.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2021Article
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- Physiological Responses to Multiple Low-Doses ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Anthrax toxin component, Protective Antigen, protects insects from bacterial infections.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Anthrax Toxin Detection: From in Vivo Studies to Diagnostic Applications.Microorganisms · 2020Review
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- Dual-Readout Sandwich Immunoassay for Device-Free and Highly Sensitive Anthrax Biomarker Detection.Analytical chemistry · 2020Article
- Elucidation of protein biomarkers for verification of selected biological warfare agents using tandem mass spectrometry.Scientific reports · 2020Article
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- Accurate and selective quantification of anthrax protective antigen in plasma by immunocapture and isotope dilution mass spectrometry.The Analyst · 2019Article
- Targeting Metalloenzymes for Therapeutic Intervention.Chemical reviews · 2019Review
- Validated MALDI-TOF-MS method for anthrax lethal factor provides early diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutics.Analytical biochemistry · 2018Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Several strategies that target anthrax toxin are being developed as therapies for infection by Bacillus anthracis. Although the action of the tripartite anthrax toxin has been extensively studied in vitro, relatively little is known about the presence of toxins during an infection in vivo. We developed a series of sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detection of both the protective antigen (PA) and lethal factor (LF) components of the anthrax exotoxin in serum. The assays utilize as capture agents an engineered high-affinity antibody to PA, a soluble form of the extracellular domain of the anthrax toxin receptor (ANTXR2/CMG2), or PA itself. Sandwich immunoassays were used to detect and quantify PA and LF in animals infected with the Ames or Vollum strains of anthrax spores. PA and LF were detected before and after signs of toxemia were observed, with increasing levels reported in the late stages of the infection. These results represent the detection of free PA and LF by ELISA in the systemic circulation of two animal models exposed to either of the two fully virulent strains of anthrax. Simple anthrax toxin detection ELISAs could prove useful in the evaluation of potential therapies and possibly as a clinical diagnostic to complement other strategies for the rapid identification of B. anthracis infection.
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Registered trials
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