ArticleWorld journal of emergency surgery : WJES2006
Trauma: the role of the innate immune system.
Article in World journal of emergency surgery : WJES, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 222 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of randomized controlled trials exploring the effect of immunomodulative interventions on infection, organ failure, and mortality in trauma patients.Critical care (London, England) · 2010Pooled it
- The influence of professional oral hygiene care on reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia in trauma intensive care unit patients.British dental journal · 2022Trial
- Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) is Predictive of Complications Following Pediatric Cardiac Surgery.Pediatric cardiology · 2018Trial
- The immunological benefit of higher dose N-acetyl cysteine following mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2014Trial
- Washing red blood cells and platelets transfused in cardiac surgery reduces postoperative inflammation and number of transfusions: results of a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial.Pediatric critical care medicine : a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies · 2012Trial
- Trial
- The relevance of leukocytosis in patients with severe trauma: a systematic review.Patient safety in surgery · 2026Review
- Dynamic Multiorgan Dysfunction After Trauma With Secondary Sepsis in Rats: A 6-72-Hour Temporal Map Validated by Rodent-Specific Mods Scoring.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal stromal cells in polytrauma: from immune dysregulation to therapeutic potential.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- CX-01 mitigates trauma-induced acute kidney injury and improves survival in a combat-relevant polytrauma rat model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Immune function in paediatric trauma patients: a prospective explorative cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The 24-Hour Leukocyte Gap as a novel predictor for sepsis in adult severe blunt trauma.Langenbeck's archives of surgery · 2025Article
- Immunological Disorders: Gradations and the Current Approach in Laboratory Diagnostics.Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology · 2025Review
- Recent Advances in the Mechanisms of Postoperative Neurocognitive Dysfunction: A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Time sequence of bacterial and fungal pathogens causing infections in trauma patients.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2025Article
- Immunopathological syndromes: state of the art.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Targeting Inflammation After Hemorrhagic Shock as a Molecular and Experimental Journey to Improve Outcomes: A Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- What trauma patients need: the European dilemma.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2024Review
- Identification of neutrophil phenotype categories in geriatric hip fracture patients aids in personalized medicine.OTA international : the open access journal of orthopaedic trauma · 2023Article
- Neutrophils and the Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS).International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune dysfunction can provoke (multiple) organ failure in severely injured patients. This dysfunction manifests in two forms, which follow a biphasic pattern. During the first phase, in addition to the injury by trauma, organ damage is caused by the immune system during a systemic inflammatory response. During the second phase the patient is more susceptible for sepsis due to host defence failure (immune paralysis). The pathophysiological model outlined in this review encompasses etiological factors and the contribution of the innate immune system in the end organ damage. The etiological factors can be divided into intrinsic (genetic predisposition and physiological status) and extrinsic components (type of injury or "traumaload" and surgery or "intervention load"). Of all the factors, the intervention load is the only one which, can be altered by the attending emergency physician. Adjustment of the therapeutic approach and choice of the most appropriate treatment strategy can minimize the damage caused by the immune response and prevent the development of immunological paralysis. This review provides a pathophysiological basis for the damage control concept, in which a staged approach of surgery and post-traumatic immunomonitoring have become important aspects of the treatment protocol. The innate immune system is the main objective of immunomonitoring as it has the most prominent role in organ failure after trauma. Polymorphonuclear phagocytes and monocytes are the main effector-cells of the innate immune system in the processes that lead to organ failure. These cells are controlled by cytokines, chemokines, complement factors and specific tissue signals. The contribution of tissue barrier integrity and its interaction with the innate immune system is further evaluated.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.