ArticleOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2006
Risk factors for fragility fracture in middle age. A prospective population-based study of 33,000 men and women.
Article in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 101 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
101 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 200 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between type 2 diabetes and site-specific fracture risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies including over 13 million participants.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2026Pooled it
- Smoking and fracture risk in men: a meta-analysis of cohort studies, using both frequentist and Bayesian approaches.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Vertebral Fractures in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes: More Than Skeletal Complications Alone.Diabetes care · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Discordant pattern of peripheral fractures in diabetes: a meta-analysis on the risk of wrist and ankle fractures.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of the association between body mass index and risk of vertebral fracture.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2018Pooled it
- Increased risk of vertebral fracture in patients with diabetes: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.International orthopaedics · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Diabetes mellitus and risk of hip fractures: a meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2016Pooled it
- Effect of metformin and insulin vs. placebo and insulin on whole body composition in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2021Trial
- Fracture risk is increased by the complication of hypertension and treatment with calcium channel blockers in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes.Journal of bone and mineral metabolism · 2013Trial
- Low bone mineral density is a significant risk factor for low-energy distal radius fractures in middle-aged and elderly men: a case-control study.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2011Trial
- [Diagnosis and management of diabetes and co-existing osteoporosis (Update 2026)].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Review
- Spontaneously Extruded Osteoma of the External Auditory Canal.Case reports in otolaryngology · 2026Article
- Association between ramelteon use and risk of fragility fractures: A retrospective cohort study.Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
- Determinants of medical costs in patients with and without fractures using Korean Senior Cohort Study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Frequency of Osteoporosis-Related Fractures in the Kingdom of Bahrain.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Bone Mineral Density and Clinical Outcome after Ankle Fracture.Journal of bone metabolism · 2024Article
- Links among Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Osteoporosis: Bone as a Target.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Application of machine learning algorithms to identify people with low bone density.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
41 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The incidence of fragility fractures begins to increase in middle age. We investigated prospectively risk factors for low-energy fractures in men and women, and specifically for forearm, proximal humerus, vertebral, and ankle fractures. The population-based Malmö Preventive Project consists of 22,444 men and 10,902 women, mean age 44 and 50 years, respectively, at inclusion. Baseline assessment included multiple examinations and lifestyle information. Mean follow-up was 19 and 15 years for men and women, respectively, regarding incident fractures. Fractures were ascertained from radiographic files. At least one low-energy fracture occurred in 1,262 men and 1,257 women. In men, the risk factors most strongly associated with low-energy fractures were diabetes [relative risk (RR) 2.38, confidence interval (CI) 95% 1.65-3.42] and hospitalization for mental health problems (RR 1.92, CI 95% 1.47-2.51). Factors associated with mental health and lifestyle significantly increased the fracture risk in most of the specific fracture groups: hospitalizations for mental health problems (RR 2.28-3.38), poor appetite (RR 3.05-3.43), sleep disturbances (RR 1.72-2.95), poor self-rated health (RR 1.80-1.83), and smoking (RR 1.70-2.72). In women, the risk factors most strongly associated with low-energy fractures were diabetes (RR 1.87, CI 95% 1.26-2.79) and previous fracture (RR 2.00, CI 95% 1.56-2.58). High body mass index (BMI) significantly increased the risk of proximal humerus and ankle fractures (RR 1.21-1.33) while, by contrast, lowering the risk of forearm fractures (RR 0.88, CI 95% 0.81-0.96). Risk factors for fracture in middle-aged men and women are similar but with gender differences for forearm, vertebral, proximal humerus, and hip fracture whereas risk factors for ankle fractures differ to a certain extent. The risk-factor pattern indicates a generally impaired health status, with mental health problems as a major contributor to fracture risk, particularly in men.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.