ArticleBMC public health2006
Urban-rural disparities in smoking behaviour in Germany.
Article in BMC public health, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Identifying relevant intersections in relation to motivation and attempt to stop smoking by using a combination of methods to develop robust predictive models and resampling techniques: A cross-sectional study of the German population.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Age of tobacco smoking initiation among Iranian adults based on National and Subnational data from the 2021 STEPS survey : Short title: Tobacco Smoking Onset Age in Iran.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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- Demographics and access to head and neck cancer care in rural areas compared to urban areas in Germany.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Substance Use Male Population in East African Countries: A Multilevel Analysis of Recent Demographic and Health Surveys From 2015 to 2019.Substance abuse : research and treatment · 2022Article
- An analysis of health inequalities depending on educational level using nationally representative survey data in Japan, 2019.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking in Turkey from 2008 to 2016.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Internal migration, urban living, and non-communicable disease risk in South Africa.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2021Article
- An age-period-cohort analysis of the difference in smoking prevalence between urban and non-urban areas in Japan (2004-2019).Epidemiology and health · 2020Article
- Regional differences of macrovascular disease in Northeast and South Germany: the population-based SHIP-TREND and KORA-F4 studies.BMC public health · 2018Article
- Alcohol and tobacco use among methadone maintenance patients in Vietnamese rural mountainside areas.Addictive behaviors reports · 2018Article
- Cancer incidence in urban, rural, and densely populated districts close to core cities in Bavaria, Germany.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2018Article
- Epidemiology of laryngeal carcinoma in Germany, 1998-2011.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2016Article
- Population-Based Regional Cancer Incidence in Korea: Comparison between Urban and Rural Areas.Cancer research and treatment · 2016Article
- Spatial and temporal patterns of smoking prevalence in Ontario.BMC public health · 2015Article
- Prevalence, distribution, and social determinants of tobacco use in 30 sub-Saharan African countries.BMC medicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIt is currently not clear whether individuals living in metropolitan areas differ from individuals living in rural and urban areas with respect to smoking behaviours. Therefore, we sought to explore the relation between residential area and smoking behaviours in Germany.
methodsWe used a nationwide German census representative for the general population of Germany. A number of 181,324 subjects aged 10 years or older were included. Information on the average daily usage of cigarettes that have or had been smoked formerly or currently was available in subjects who have ever smoked. A daily consumption of more than 20 cigarettes was considered heavy smoking. Logistic regression analyses were performed sex-stratified and adjusted for relevant confounders.
resultsAnalyses revealed inhabitants of metropolitan areas to be more likely current smokers than inhabitants of rural areas (odds ratio 1.56, 95%-confidence interval 1.51; 1.62). Among current and former smokers those who lived in urban communities had also increased odds for being heavy smokers than those who lived in rural communities.
conclusionWe conclude that living in an urban and particularly living in a metropolitan area is a determinant of both smoking and severity of current smoking. Tobacco control programs should recognize the difference in living conditions between rural and urban areas.
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