ArticleInternational archives of occupational and environmental health2006
Reference values for cobalt, copper, manganese, and nickel in urine among women of the general population in Japan.
Article in International archives of occupational and environmental health, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insulin resistance as a mediator in the association between nickel exposure and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Associations of intrauterine exposure to manganese with fetal and early-childhood growth: a prospective prenatal cohort study.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2024Article
- Prenatal exposure to metal mixtures and lung function in children from the New Hampshire birth cohort study.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Article
- Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to 15 Essential and Toxic Elements in Spanish Women of Reproductive Age: A Case Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Levels and temporal variations of urinary lead, cadmium, cobalt, and copper exposure in the general population of Taiwan.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Article
- Critical Windows for Associations between Manganese Exposure during Pregnancy and Size at Birth: A Longitudinal Cohort Study in Wuhan, China.Environmental health perspectives · 2018Article
- Association between prenatal nickel exposure and preterm low birth weight: possible effect of selenium.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2018Article
- Urinary Metal Levels in a Chilean Community 31 Years After the Dumping of Mine Tailings.Journal of health & pollution · 2016Article
- Maternal urinary manganese and risk of low birth weight: a case-control study.BMC public health · 2016Article
- Assessment of exposure to trace metals in a cohort of pregnant women from an urban center by urine analysis in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2014Article
- Betel quid chewing as a source of manganese exposure: total daily intake of manganese in a Bangladeshi population.BMC public health · 2011Article
- Age-related impairments of mobility associated with cobalt and other heavy metals: data from NHANES 1999-2004.Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A · 2009Article
- Changes in tubular dysfunction marker levels in parallel with the levels of copper, rather than cadmium, in urine of middle-aged women in non-polluted areas.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2007Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe present study was initiated to establish the reference levels of Co, Cu, Mn, and Ni in urine of women in the general Japanese population.
methodsStored urine samples were subjected to the analysis. The samples were collected from 1,000 adult women all over Japan, who had no occupational exposure to these elements. Co, Cu, Mn, and Ni in urine were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The concentrations were distributed log-normally, and were presented in terms of geometric mean (GM) and geometric standard deviation, as observed or after correction for creatinine concentration or a specific gravity of urine of 1.016.
resultsThe GM values of observed levels (i.e., with no correction for urine density) and of the levels after correction for creatinine (cr) concentration (values in parenthesis) were 0.68 g/l (0.60 microg/g cr) for Co, 13.4 g/l (11.8 g/g cr) for Cu, 0.14 microg/l (0.12 g/g cr) for Mn and 2.1 g/l (1.8 g/g cr) for Ni. There was a life-long age-dependent increase in Cu. Mn levels reached the maximum at 60 to 69 years of ages. In contrast, age-dependency was not substantial in Co and Ni.
conclusionsComparison with values reported in literatures for other areas showed that Co and Ni levels in urine of Japanese women are higher than, Cu level is comparable with, and Mn level is lower than others. The reasons for high Co and Ni levels deserve further study.
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