ArticleBlood2006
Human complement receptor type 1-directed loading of tissue plasminogen activator on circulating erythrocytes for prophylactic fibrinolysis.
Article in Blood, 2006. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Red blood cells-derived components as biomimetic functional materials: Matching versatile delivery strategies based on structure and function.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Cell-drug conjugates.Nature biomedical engineering · 2024Review
- Red blood cell-derived materials for cancer therapy: Construction, distribution, and applications.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Drug transport by red blood cells.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Review
- Surface Modification of Erythrocytes with Lipid Anchors: Structure-Activity Relationship for Optimal Membrane Incorporation, in vivo Retention, and Immunocompatibility.Advanced nanobiomed research · 2022Article
- Dual Affinity to RBCs and Target Cells (DART) Enhances Both Organ- and Cell Type-Targeting of Intravascular Nanocarriers.ACS nano · 2022Article
- Nanotechnological approach to delivering nutraceuticals as promising drug candidates for the treatment of atherosclerosis.Drug delivery · 2021Review
- Red Blood Cell Hitchhiking: A Novel Approach for Vascular Delivery of Nanocarriers.Annual review of biomedical engineering · 2021Article
- Surface loading of nanoparticles on engineered or natural erythrocytes for prolonged circulation time: strategies and applications.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2021Review
- Cell-derived biomimetic nanoparticles as a novel drug delivery system for atherosclerosis: predecessors and perspectives.Regenerative biomaterials · 2020Review
- Vascular Drug Delivery Using Carrier Red Blood Cells: Focus on RBC Surface Loading and Pharmacokinetics.Pharmaceutics · 2020Review
- Review
- Polydopamine-modified dual-ligand nanoparticles as highly effective and targeted magnetic resonance/photoacoustic dual-modality thrombus imaging agents.International journal of nanomedicine · 2019Article
- Red Blood Cell Membrane Processing for Biomedical Applications.Frontiers in physiology · 2019Review
- Ferritin-based drug delivery systems: Hybrid nanocarriers for vascular immunotargeting.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2018Review
- Lipophilic indocarbocyanine conjugates for efficient incorporation of enzymes, antibodies and small molecules into biological membranes.Biomaterials · 2018Article
- Nanoparticle Properties Modulate Their Attachment and Effect on Carrier Red Blood Cells.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Erythrocytes as Carriers for Drug Delivery in Blood Transfusion and Beyond.Transfusion medicine reviews · 2017Review
- Red blood cells: Supercarriers for drugs, biologicals, and nanoparticles and inspiration for advanced delivery systems.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2016Review
- Non-affinity factors modulating vascular targeting of nano- and microcarriers.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Plasminogen activators (PAs) are not used for thromboprophylaxis due to rapid clearance, bleeding, and extravascular toxicity. We describe a novel strategy that overcomes these limitations. We conjugated tissue-type PA (tPA) to a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against complement receptor type 1 (CR1) expressed primarily on human RBCs. Anti-CR1/tPA conjugate, but not control conjugate (mIgG/tPA), bound to human RBCs (1.2 x 10(3) tPA molecules/cell at saturation), endowing them with fibrinolytic activity. In vitro, RBC-bound anti-CR1/tPA caused 90% clot lysis versus 20% by naive RBCs. In vivo, more than 40% of anti-CR1/(125)I-tPA remained within the circulation ( approximately 90% bound to RBCs) 3 hours after injection in transgenic mice expressing human CR1 (TgN-hCR1) versus less than 10% in wild-type (WT) mice, without RBC damage; approximately 90% of mIgG/(125)I-tPA was cleared from the circulation within 30 minutes in both WT and TgN-hCR1 mice. Anti-CR1/tPA accelerated lysis of pulmonary emboli and prevented stable occlusive carotid arterial thrombi from forming after injection in TgN-hCR1 mice, but not in WT mice, whereas soluble tPA and mIgG/tPA were ineffective. Anti-CR1/tPA caused 20-fold less rebleeding in TgN-hCR1 mice than the same dose of tPA. CR1-directed immunotargeting of PAs to circulating RBCs provides a safe and practical means to deliver fibrinolytics for thromboprophylaxis in settings characterized by a high imminent risk of thrombosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.